Week 4 Part 1

Question 1

Carotid body tumors are also known as

Answer 1

paragangliomas

Question 2

Where are carotid body tumors located?

Answer 2

in the adventitia of the carotid bifurcation– b/w ICA and ECA

Question 3

What is the most common presentation of a carotid body tumor?

Answer 3

palpable neck mass with headache

neck pain is second most common

Question 4

What is the standard treatment for carotid body tumors?

Answer 4

resection

if untreated, stenosis, occlusion or rupture could occur

Question 5

On 2-D and CD, ICA and ECA appear

Answer 5

splayed

Question 6

What demonstrates vascular nature of mass prior to surgery

Answer 6

arteriography

Question 7

Carotid body tumors can be mistaken for what?

Answer 7

node

Question 8

Do CBT have high or low vascularity?

Answer 8

lots of flow but low speeds

Question 9

Who does FMD typically affect?

Answer 9

women ages 25-50

not genetic but familial

Question 10

What’s the most common site for FMD? What’s the second most common?

Answer 10

renal arteries, ICA

Question 11

FMD presents with

Answer 11

system hypertension caused by renal artery stenosis

Question 12

When carotids are involved with FMD, what does this present as

Answer 12

transient cerebral ischemia (stroke can occur)

Question 13

What does FMD appear as on angiography?

Answer 13

string of beads

Question 14

Which layer of the vessel is most often involved with FMD?

Answer 14

tunica media

Question 15

What’s the typical flow in a vessel with FMD?

Answer 15

long stenosis but no atherosclerosis
flow disturbances
elevated velocities- 200cm/s

Question 16

What are some vascular diseases of the fem artery? (3)

Answer 16

PSA
AVF
Penetrating arterial trauma

Question 17

What is the most common entry route in the fem artery for a PSA?

Answer 17

groin area

Question 18

PSA’s arise from the deep portion of the artery at the site of the puncture. True or false

Answer 18

false– superficial aspect

Question 19

PSA usually occur at the ______ but may be as high as the ______

Answer 19

CFA, EIA

Question 20

What’s the most common treatment for PSA?

Answer 20

US guided compression or thrombin injection

Question 21

If a PSA is found it is treated right away. True or false

Answer 21

true– because of risk of expansion

Question 22

What is an AVF usually caused by?

Answer 22

iatrogenic during cardiac catheterization

Question 23

What can be seen and heard with a AVF?

Answer 23

thrill (it’s palpable)

color bruit artifact (mosaic?)

Question 24

Downstream from the AVF, Doppler demonstrates what flow?

Answer 24

high velocity, pulsatile venous

Question 25

What's the most common cause of penetrating arterial trauma?

Answer 25

non-iatrogenic injuries-- GSW and stabbings

Question 26

What is Takayasu's arteritis also known as?

Answer 26

aortic arch syndrome or pulseless disease

Question 27

What is Takayasu's arteritis?

Answer 27

form of large vessel granulomatous vasculitis | massive intimal fibrosis and vascular narrowing is a sign

Question 28

Who does Takayasu's typically affect?

Answer 28

young or middle aged women of Asian descent | females 9x more likely and symptoms appear b/w 15-30

Question 29

What vessels does Takayasu's usually affect?

Answer 29

mainly the aorta and it's major branches-- INN, lt. CCA, lt. SCA and pulmonary arteries

Question 30

Symptoms and signs of TA?

Answer 30

pulseless upper extremities malaise, fever, night sweats, weight loss, fatigue and syncope SSS may be evident

Question 31

Oscar, you're gay

Answer 31

boom roasted

Question 32

What can TA lead to? What's the treatment?

Answer 32

stenosis, thrombosis and aneurysm | steroids, surgery or stenting

Question 33

What is giant cell arteritis known as?

Answer 33

temporal arteritis or Horton disease

Question 34

What is giant cell arteritis?

Answer 34

inflammatory disease of blood vessels most commonly large and medium branches of the head (particularly ECA) can lead to occlusion and ischemia (worst is of OA)

Question 35

Is giant cell arteritis more common in men or women? What geographic region?

Answer 35

descent of northern Europe and women

Question 36

GCA is typically seen in those under 55. True or false

Answer 36

false

Question 37

What does giant cell arteritis present as?

Answer 37

bruits, fever, headache, visual disturbances, tenderness of scalp and OA can be involved

Question 38

What sign does GCA show on US?

Answer 38

halo sign

Question 39

What is Buerger's disease also known as?

Answer 39

Thromboangitis

Question 40

Who do we typically see Buerger's disease in?

Answer 40

Young males who smoke cagrettes

Question 41

What happens in Buerger's disease?

Answer 41

blood vessels in fingers and toes become blocked because of the swelling. Fingers and toes become black

Question 42

Radiation induced arterial injury

Answer 42

radiation-induced stenoses of the carotid artery are associated with fibrosis of the arterial layers and tissue planes that renders their surgical treatment difficult

Question 43

What types of cancers increase the risk of developing a vascular disease

Answer 43

breast, lymphoma, head and neck cancer patients

Question 44

A course of radiotherapy can initiate a chronic vascular process that eventually leads to clinical events

Answer 44

many years after treatment due to inflammation

Question 45

What's the treatment for "hostile neck" patients

Answer 45

stenting