Quiz 5 PPT's Flashcards
Thromboses usually occur more in the peroneal and posterior tibial veins. True or false
true
The popliteal artery appears to be duplicated what percentage of the time?
25%
When the popliteal is duplicated, what usually is the result?
a high juncture of the posterior tibial and personal trunk
The “gastroc” is a single trunk as it dumps into the popliteal vein just below the:
SSV juncture
Purpose of the gastrocnemius veins:
drain muscle
Gastrocnemius veins are mistaken for:
PTVV’s
Soleal sinus veins:
major storage of blood
deep within soleal muscle
Most DVT’s extending to the PopV originate where?
soleal sinus veins
Why do clots form in the soleal sinus veins?
stagnation because muscle is inactive
What’s the most superior branch of the tibioperoneal trunk?
anterior
Are the calf veins paired or singular?
paired
The bifurcation of the anteror tibial veins from the popliteal trunk is not easily seen on US. What approach do we use to see the rest of the ATV’s?
anterolateral
ATV’s communicate with the soleal sinuses. True or false
false–so they almost never develop DVT (except for if there’s an injury)
The posterior tibial veins pass between:
medial malleolus and Achille’s tendon
Which veins are larger, the peroneals or posterior tibial?
peroneals
The peroneal veins are _____ and ________ to the medial malleolus.
Deep and posterior
Thrombosis above or below the trifurcation have a higher risk of embolism.
Above
Calf DVT:
most resolve spontaneously
no PE if POPV and FV are patent
repeat exam 2-3 days for propagation
Are d-dimers reliable for calf DVT?
no– 65% sensitivity
Is Doppler reliable for diagnosing calf DVT?
no–70% sensitivity
Are gastroc deep veins?
not truly, but they are large and pose a risk for embolization
DDx for calf DVT?
baker’s cysts
superficial venous thronbosis
muscle tears
Read up on scan technique
on calf veins
Do superficial leg veins have an accompanying artery within the border that separates the fascia from the muscle?
no
What’s the primary job of the superficial leg veins?
not to return blood to the heart, but to regulate body temperature (vasodilation/constriction)
Where does the GSV arise from?
medial aspect of the dorsal venous arch of the foot
What are the 2 divisions of the GSV?
posterior- passes up from medial malleolus and communicates w/ posterior veins
anterior- joins the posterior div just below the knee
The normal long saph vein sits within the fascial sheath, also called:
Egyptian eye
Duplication of the LSV (long) can be seen in what percentage of people?
50%
Where does the GSV enter the femoral vein?
fossa ovalis
What provides collateral channels for an obstructed segment of the SFJ?
at least 6 other tributaries from groin, lower abdominal wall and perineum. (they are significant in recurrence of varicose veins)
If thrombus is noted in the GSV, the distance from the edge of the thrombus to the SFJ should be measured since some clinicians will anti-coagulate patients with thrombus extending to within:
0.5-1cm of the SFJ
Do superficial venous thrombosis pose a threat for embolization?
yes if they’re close to deep system
Thrombus within _____ of the deep system are sometimes treated as DVT.
2cm
Superficial venous thrombosis are less likely to
cause major clinical issues
or
dislodge
Clots in the superficial show as:
enlarged vein with considerable discomfort
Where do clots in the superficial venous system typically occur?
varicose veins
Signs of a SVT:
redness severe pain/tenderness redness inflammation swelling pyrexia (fever) palpable cord
DDx of SVT:
lymphangitis
cellulitis
*associated with occult DVT approx 20% of time
Where does the lesser saph vein arise from?
lateral aspect of the dorsal venous arch of the foot–passes below and behind the lateral malleolus to run up the posterolateral aspect of the calf to the popliteal fossa
Where does the SSV join the POPV?
crease level, but this is variable
can also dump in femV above the knee
What is the Giacomini vein?
when the SSV travels passes the POPV and joins into the profunda femoris vein in the lower thigh
Perforator veins:
superficial to deep
keep blood from pooling at the skin level
valve malfunctions can result in stasis
Where’s the standard sites for perforator veins?
level of the junction of the middle and lower thirds of the thigh and in calf
Basilic and cephalic veins dump into:
subclavian vein @ the axillary vein junction
UESVT is associated with what syndrome/diiseases:
Trosseaus syndrome and Buerger’s disease
What is the most common cause of upper extremity SVT?
intravenous infusions that inflict a chemical injury on the vein wall which leads to inflammation and thrombosis
What are signs/symptoms of UESVT?
tender palpable cord in neck/axilla
cyanotic appearance in hand and fingers
aching pain in the forearm exacerbated by exercise
