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Tax > Quiz 5 PPT's #2 > Flashcards

Quiz 5 PPT's #2 Flashcards

1
Q

Phlegmasia Alba Dolens (PAD):

A

in reference to very extreme cases of DVT
causes limb ischemia/limb loss (blanching of extremities, edema and discomfort)
diminished arterial pulse due to vasospasm

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2
Q

Phlegmasia AD is also known as

A

milk leg

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3
Q

Signs of phlegmasia AD:

A

swollen, white leg because of early compromise of arterial flow secondary to extensive DVT

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4
Q

Phlegmasia Cerulean Dolens:

A 
more advanced than PAD 
precursor for venous gangrene
significant swelling, pain, and cyanosis
surgical emergency
irreversible ischemia, necrosis and gangrene
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5
Q

What affects only the deep venous channels (not collaterals)?

A

PAD

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6
Q

What affects the deep, superficial and collateral veins?

A

PCD - and extends into capillaries 40-60% of the time

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7
Q

Later stages of treatment for PCD?

A

incision into the vein, pass catheter into the clot, and balloon and clot is retreated with the balloon. Risk of PE but they take heparin first

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8
Q

Early stages for PCD?

A

thrombolysis (i think that’s what she said)

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9
Q

Trousseau’s Sign:

A

concerns hypercoagulability associated with cancer

spontaneous recurring venous thrombosis in ppl who have no known risk factors

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10
Q

What’s the difference of having a DVT with malignancy?

A

more extensive
more aggressive
very swollen and painful leg

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11
Q

Malignancies associated with venous thrombosis typcally arise in:

A 
breast
GI tract
GU tract (genitourinary)
lung
brain
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12
Q

Patients with DVT related to Trosseau’s syndrome usually clinically manifest within

A

1-2 years

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13
Q

Subclavian Vein Obstruction:

A

detection can be difficult
diagnosis relies on secondary signs of obstruction (color)
pressure fluctuations are transmitted into veins, producing a pulsatile vein..so if it’s a flat signal u know it ain’t good (indicates a proximal obstruction)

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14
Q

In many cases of SCV thrombosis, _____ ________ can be involved

A

IJV thrombosis

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15
Q

Lemierre’s syndrome:

A

or jugular vein thrombosis in a patient with neck infection of enlarged lymph nodes
bacterial that is usually from throat infections and it spreads into major blood vessels and poisons the bloodstream (sepsis)

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16
Q

Behcet’s Disease:

A

inflammation of blood vessels (veins or arteries)
causes redness, pain and swelling in extremitites
can cause blood clot to form because of inflammation
can
**What’s affected

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17
Q

Virchow’s classic description:

A

hyper coagulability
venous stasis
endothelial damager

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18
Q

IVC thrombosis due to tumors:

A

most familiar is RCC

seminomas/teratomas (if gonadal veins are affected it can be because of genitourinary tumors)

19
Q

What else can cause IVCT?

A

less common tumors in an anatomical location close to IVC
retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma, adrenal cortical carcinoma, renal angiomyolipoma, hepatic hemangioma (due to compression)

20
Q

Extrinsic compression:

A

can result from non-tumor compression
causes stasis and turbulent flow
AAA’s (although uncommon)

21
Q

Don’t mistake a ________ for a thrombus within the IVC

A

enlarged lymph nose in a patient with chronic lymphatic leukemia

22
Q

There’s a lot of shit on the PPT (collateral flow)

A

so make sure to read it over too

23
Q

Inability for body to produce coagulants to stop bleeding is a

A

dysfunctional coagulation system and fibrinolytic system

24
Q

Nephrotic syndrome:

A

patients have urinary protein losses
diminished levels of antihrombin III (this deficiency of AIII can cause blood to clot more easily than normal)
renal vein thrombosis and IVCT have been described

25
Q

Iatrogenic:

A

no known cause

hx of medical care including: hepatic transplant, dialysis access, FV catheters, pacemaker wires, and IVC filters

26
Q

Other conditions that are associated with IVC thrombosis:

A

developmental anomalies of IVC
retroperitoneal fibrosis (excess growth of tissue)
pregnancy
OC use

27
Q

May Thurner Syndrome:

A

rare condition more often in women
compression of common venous outflow tract
causes discomfort, pain, swelling and blood clots form (stasis)
Lt common iliac vein is compressed by the overlying rt. common iliac artery
DVT in iliofemoral vein may be cause

28
Q

May Thurner is more common in what side?

A

Left - the artery acutely overlaps the left iliac vein

29
Q

What can be some causes of leg swelling that can mimic DVT?

A 
Baker's cyst
hematoma/muscle injury
superficial thrombophlebitis
iliac nodes/pelvic masses
AVF
lymphedema
knee joint effusion
Rt. heart failure
30
Q

Hematoma/muscle tears

A

anechoic structure b/w medial gastroc and soleus muscle

must examine fluid collection to differentiate from vessel

31
Q

Baker’s cyst:

A

identification of the neck between the tendons is necessary for definitive diagnosis (look for neck into joint space)
popliteal medial knee is most common location
can contain internal debris

32
Q

If Baker’s cyst is seen, what must be assessed also?

A

deep veins as a coexistent DVT may be overlooked

33
Q

Superficial thrombophlebitis

A

inflammation of the vein with thrombus

34
Q

SPJ

A

saphenopopliteal junction

35
Q

Knee joint effusions:

A

patients with arthritis, recent trauma or knee surgery and infection
causes pain and swelling

36
Q

Rt heart failure will show:

A

bilateral leg swelling

fluid can back up into abdomen

37
Q

Lymphedema:

A

siginificant swelling in one or more extrmeities that result from impared flow of the lymphatic system
can mimic DVT
cellulitis is complication

38
Q

IV drug use:

A

risk factor for *secondary DVT of upper extremitity

repeated trauma can cause S/DVT

39
Q

Cellulitis:

A

infectious process in soft tissue
difficult to see sonographically
tenderness, dimpling, and erythema are clues

40
Q

Abscess:

A

well-circumscribed fluid collection
gas bubbles are bright reflectors
inc vascularity within the walls

41
Q

Soft tissue tumors

A

Lipoma is most common
incidentalomas
benign or malignant ( vascularity depends on this)
sarcoma/lymphoma/melanoma are m/c malignant
mets

42
Q

Arterial ulcers are located:

A

toes, feet and lateral aspect of ankle/calf

43
Q

Venous ulcers are located:

A

medial aspect of calf and ankle (not toes or feet)

Tax (16 decks)

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