Week 4 Part 1 - Heart Anatomy Flashcards
1
Q
Where is the heart located? (3)
A
- located in thorax between lungs
- protected by ribs and sternum
- lies in between ribs 2-5 left of midline
2
Q
Fibrous pericardium (3)
A
- inelastic
- fuses inferiorly w/ diaphragm + superiority w/ great vessels
- prevents overfilling of heart + anchors it in position
3
Q
Inner sereous pericardium (4)
A
- double layered sereous membrane (parietal and visceral layers)
- parietal layer lies on inner surface of fibrous pericardium
- visceral layer adheres to the surface of the heart
-prevents friction
4
Q
What are the 3 heart walls?
A
Endocardium - inner - endothelium
Myocardium - middle - cardiac muscle
Epicardium - outer - visceral pericardium
5
Q
Fibrous skeleton of the heart (2)
A
- bands of fibrous connective tissue between atria and ventricles
- electrically separates atria from ventricles
6
Q
Heart valves
A
AV valves - tricuspid, bicuspid
Semilunar valves - pulmonary, aortic
7
Q
What are some features of AV valves?
A
- located between atria and ventricles
- anchored by chordae tendinae to papillary muscles
- contraction of papillary muscles prevents back flow of blood + eversion of valves
- opened by blood flowing from atria to ventricles
8
Q
What are some features of semilunar valves?
A
- guard entrance to aorta + pulmonary trunk
- opened by force of blood as ventricles contract
9
Q
What are some components of the cardiac conducting system? (4)
A
- SA node
- AV node
- bundle of His
- Purkinje fibres
10
Q
What are the shortcuts in foetal circulation?
A
- foramen ovale connects right to left atria (bypasses right ventricle + pulmonary system)
- Ductus Arteriosus connects pulmonary trunk to arch of aorta (bypasses pulmonary system + left side of heart
- Ductus Venosus connects umbilical vein to inferior vena cava (bypasses liver)
11
Q
How do the foetal circulatory shortcuts change in an adult body?
A
Ductus venosus -> ligamentum vensom
Foramen ovale -> Fossa ovalis
Ductus arteriosus -> ligamentum arteriosum
