Week 4 Necessary Vocabulary

Question 1

purine base

Answer 1

have a double-ring structure and consist of adenine and guanine

• 2 rings
• “short name, more rings”
• “pure silver, Ag” b/c has adenine and guanine

Question 2

pyrimidine base

Answer 2

pyrimidines have a single-ring structure and consist of cytosine, thymine, and uracil

• 1 ring

Question 3

Base Pairs

Answer 3

• A – T = bond 2 times
• A – U = bond 2 times
• G – C = bond 3 times

Question 4

Proteins

Answer 4

• a polymer

• What is a protein?
- One or more polypeptides folded together into a specific shape
- There are four levels of protein structure

• building block is:
• Monomer: Amino acid
(All have same core structure)
- Central (a- alpha) carbon
- Amino group
- Carboxyl group
- R group = 20 different structures

Question 5

Four classes for R-groups

Answer 5

Four classes:
• Non-polar
-C-C, C-N
• Polar, uncharged
- bonds contain a O or N
• Polar, positively-charged
-
• Polar, negatively-charged
-

When an amino group exists in a cell, it exists in an ionized state, where the amino groups gains a positive charge and the carboxyl group loses an H and gains a negative charge.