Week 12 Application Questions Flashcards
1) After learning about fermentation in your Biol 107 course, you would like to make your own Bulgarian yoghurt.
You are ordering a yoghurt starter set online containing Lactobacillus delbrueckii subspecies bulgaricus (often simply called Lactobacillus bulgaricus) and Streptococcus salivarius subspecies thermophilus (often shortened to Streptococcus thermophilus).
Out of curiosity you are doing a gram-test on your culture (e.g. in your Biol 108 or Biol 107 lab) and find that most bacteria in these cultures are gram+.
a) Should you be concerned that they will make you sick?
1) After learning about fermentation in your Biol 107 course, you would like to make your own Bulgarian yoghurt.
You are ordering a yoghurt starter set online containing Lactobacillus delbrueckii subspecies bulgaricus (often simply called Lactobacillus bulgaricus) and Streptococcus salivarius subspecies thermophilus (often shortened to Streptococcus thermophilus).
Out of curiosity you are doing a gram-test on your culture (e.g. in your Biol 108 or Biol 107 lab) and find that most bacteria in these cultures are gram+.
b) You find one unknown, gram – bacterium in the culture, should you be concerned that this would make you sick?
1) After learning about fermentation in your Biol 107 course, you would like to make your own Bulgarian yoghurt.
You are ordering a yoghurt starter set online containing Lactobacillus delbrueckii subspecies bulgaricus (often simply called Lactobacillus bulgaricus) and Streptococcus salivarius subspecies thermophilus (often shortened to Streptococcus thermophilus).
Out of curiosity you are doing a gram-test on your culture (e.g. in your Biol 108 or Biol 107 lab) and find that most bacteria in these cultures are gram+.
c) After taking antibiotic for 2 weeks your doctor tells you to eat of probiotic yoghurt.
Why would that be good advice?
1) After learning about fermentation in your Biol 107 course, you would like to make your own Bulgarian yoghurt.
You are ordering a yoghurt starter set online containing Lactobacillus delbrueckii subspecies bulgaricus (often simply called Lactobacillus bulgaricus) and Streptococcus salivarius subspecies thermophilus (often shortened to Streptococcus thermophilus).
Out of curiosity you are doing a gram-test on your culture (e.g. in your Biol 108 or Biol 107 lab) and find that most bacteria in these cultures are gram+.
d) Some teenagers are prescribed antibiotics to help with their acne, what is the reason for that?
Would you recommend this as a long-term treatment?
Why are nausea and diarrhea potential side effects?
2) A scientist is moving through some isolated tropical jungle collecting plant samples.
They return to their camp and notice they have a red swelling from some sort of bite on their arm. It appears to be infected. They sample the bite and place a small amount on a slide. They heat fix the slide and gram stain it. Examining the slide under the microscope they observe pinkish/red bacteria and no purple ones
a) Should they be concerned? Why?
2) A scientist is moving through some isolated tropical jungle collecting plant samples.
They return to their camp and notice they have a red swelling from some sort of bite on their arm. It appears to be infected. They sample the bite and place a small amount on a slide. They heat fix the slide and gram stain it. Examining the slide under the microscope they observe pinkish/red bacteria and no purple ones
b) What antibiotics might be effective against the bacteria?
2) A scientist is moving through some isolated tropical jungle collecting plant samples.
They return to their camp and notice they have a red swelling from some sort of bite on their arm. It appears to be infected. They sample the bite and place a small amount on a slide. They heat fix the slide and gram stain it. Examining the slide under the microscope they observe pinkish/red bacteria and no purple ones
c) Would the antibiotics you suggest to the scientist be more or less effective if the scientist was bitten while at home?
What would be important to consider?
3) If you created a mutant animal cell that lacked fibronectin, what effect would you expect to see?
4) Many human pathogens will lose their ability to cause infections if they acquire a mutation in the gene encoding the enzymes that synthesize the capsule polysaccharides.
a) Explain why a mutation that inactivates these enzymes leads to a loss of virulence.
5) An outbreak of a pathogenic strain (HUS toxin) of Escherichia coli has struck strawberry farmers in California. A food recall is announced across North America as several people fall ill, and some pass away due to E.coli.
How can this be?
Why are the bacteria pathogenic?
What might be the sources for the bacteria?
5) An outbreak of a pathogenic strain (HUS toxin) of Escherichia coli has struck strawberry farmers in California. A food recall is announced across North America as several people fall ill, and some pass away due to E.coli.
a) An recent Alberta example: In August/September 2023 an E.coli outbreak in several Calgary daycares resulted in the hospitalization of children with HUS caused by E.coli strain O157 (STEC = Shiga Toxin producing E. Coli). Even though the bacterial strain was identified relatively early, and food from a central kitchen the most likely source, it took a long time to pinpoint the exact source or which food was responsible.
Why do you think it took a relatively long time to figure out how the E.coli strain entered the kitchen, how are researchers looking for the source?
What would be a mechanism for secondary transmission in these cases?
