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NR602 - Primary Care of the Childbearing > Week 4 - Musculoskeletal & Misc concepts > Flashcards

Week 4 - Musculoskeletal & Misc concepts Flashcards

1
Q

Osgood-Schlatter disease

A

Inflammation of the growth plate or area where the patellar tendon connects to the tibia (tibial tubercle) and is commonly diagnosed during the adolescent growth spurt. Caused by microtrauma in the deep fibers of the patellar tendon at its insertion on the tibial tuberosity.

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2
Q

Osgood-Schlatter disease S/S

A
  1. Pain and swelling of tibial tubercle which worsens with athletic activity but relieved by rest – worse with running, jumping squatting, stairs
    a. Often occurs with running track, soccer, football or surfing
  2. Pronounced tibial tubercle
  3. Tight anterior and posterior upper leg muscles
  4. Pain may be bilateral
  5. May have precipitating injury or trauma
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3
Q

Osgood-Schlatter Disease PE

A
  1. Pain reproducable with extension against resistence, stressing the quad muscle, squatting with knee in full flexixon
  2. Knee has full ROM
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4
Q

Osgood-Schlatter Disease Diagnosed by…

A

History and PE

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5
Q

Treatment for Osgood-Schlatter disease

A

Condition is self limiting, symptom management only

  1. Rest
  2. Modified activity
  3. Ice
  4. NSAIDS
  5. Strengthening and stretching (quads)
  6. Neoprene sleeve for patellar stabilization
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6
Q

Patellofemoral pain syndrome/knee pain

A

Broad term used to describe pain in the front of the knee and around the patella, or kneecap. It is sometimes called “runner’s knee” or “jumper’s knee” because it is common in people who participate in sports. it is an overuse syndrome.

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7
Q

Treatment for Patellofemoral pain syndrome/knee pain

A
  1. Rest
  2. NSAIDS
  3. Retraining and restrengthening of quad muscles
  4. Arthroscopic surgery for reoccurring problems
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8
Q

Sprain

A

Pulling or tearing of a muscle, ligament or tendon. Happens mostly in pivoting sports (basketball, volleyball…)

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9
Q

Treatment for sprains

A

PT & knee brace for support

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10
Q

Sprain prevention

A
  1. Preseason conditioning program
  2. Tape site of previous injury
  3. Warm up and stretch
  4. Maintain playing surface
  5. Proper footwear
  6. Limit practice time
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11
Q

Management of bites

A
  • Debride devitalized tissue
  • Irrigate with high pressure
  • Puncture wounds – soak wound in diluted tap water and povidone iodine for 15 minutes
  • 3-5 days of antibiotics for human and cat bites
  • Rabies prophylaxis if needed
  • Do not suture hand wounds
  • Do not close wounds more than 8-10 hours old
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12
Q

Immediate treatment for abrasions

A

Cleanse the wound by scrubbing with soap or antibacterial cleanser with wet gauze or gentle irrigation with copious amounts of water or NS. Ensure all debris has been removed to prevent tattooing.

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13
Q

Management of abrasions

A
  • Leave small abrasions open to air, larger abrasions heal faster when moist
  • Use antibiotic ointment for abrasions at the joints to prevent cracking/stretching of scab
  • Wash abrasion every 24 hours until dry scab forms
  • Tetanus prophylaxis if needed
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14
Q

Lacerations

A

Shear, tension and compression injuries

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15
Q

PE for lacerations

A
  • Neurovascular examination
  • ROM
  • Will wound edges approximate, is there tension of wound skin
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16
Q

Management of lacerations

A
  • Sutures, staples, glue, tape
  • Low risk wounds (knife) close in 12-24 hours of wound
  • Facial wounds – close in 24 hours
  • Infection risk inversely related to blood flow to the are
  • Close contaminated wounds (crush) or in immunocompromised patients within 6 hours
17
Q

Ultrasound

A
  • an imaging test that uses sound waves to make pictures of organs, tissues, and other structures inside your body
  • less invasive
  • examine organs, such as the thyroid gland, the breast, the prostate and the liver. examine muscles, tendons and ligaments and diagnose sprains, strains, trapped nerves and muscle tears
18
Q

CT scan

A
  • A computed tomography scan is a medical imaging technique used to obtain detailed internal images of the body.
  • Look at slices of the body – identify muscle and bone disorders, tumors and fractures and internal bleeding
19
Q

MRI

A

Used to diagnose soft tissue injuries (tendons and ligaments), joint injury, spinal injury, disease of internal organs (brain, liver, heart)

20
Q

Bone scans in childhood

A
  • a test that lets us evaluate your child’s entire skeleton. It helps us diagnose causes of bone pain due to trauma, exercise or other reasons. We do the test by giving your child an intravenous radiopharmaceutical. This “tracer” is medicine combined with a small amount of radioactive material.
21
Q

Blood culture

A

Looks for bacteria or fungi in the blood

22
Q

ESR

A

Measure of inflammation (can include infection)

  • Reflects RBCs settling faster than acute phase proteins
  • Increases and decreases slowly with inflammation
23
Q

Wound culture

A

Antibody bacterial susceptibility can be done on cultured samples, especially if organism resistance is suspected because of community resistance patterns.

24
Q

CBC

A
  • WBC elevated in bacterial infections and decreased in viral infections
  • Neutrophil – elevated in bacterial infections
  • Lymphocyte – increase in viral infections
  • RBCs – decrease in chronic inflammatory conditions
25
Q

CRP or C-reactive protein

A

increases in the prescence of acute inflammation and specific pathogens

26
Q

Rotavirus

A

Causes severe watery diarrhea, vomiting, fever, and/or abdominal pain

Spread
* droplets, fecal oral
* Treat dehydradion

Vaccine given at 2 months, 4 months and 6 months

27
Q

Enterovirus

A
  • enteroviruses, coxsackieviruses, rhinoviruses, polioviruses, and echoviruses
  • causes the common cold to aseptic meningitis
28
Q

Ingrown toenail cause

A
  • abnormal position of the toenail on the nailbed, tight and improperly fitting shoes, trauma to the nail, and improper toenail trimming
  • occurs when the lateral edge of the toenail pierces the lateral nail fold of the skin, entering the skin causing an inflammatory (foreign object) reaction and secondary infection
29
Q

Foreign body - eye

A

never remove a foreign object from the eye – refer immediately

30
Q

Foreign body - ear

A

Remove with forceps, irrigation, magnet, - refer if not able to remove in first few attempts
o Do not irrigate if button battery – emergent removal necessary due to possibility of corrosive fluid leak

31
Q

Foreign body - nose

A

Remove with forceps, curette or suction, catheter balloon may be inserted behind and pulled forward. Child must be restrained. Refer when necessary

32
Q

Foreign body - lungs

A

Get an x-ray, ED for breathing difficulties

NR602 - Primary Care of the Childbearing (18 decks)

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