Week 4- Microbial Infection Flashcards
Which animal is a reservoir for Ebola?
Hammerhead fruit bat
What is a zoonotic infection?
Usually not a human infection, has an animal reservoir
Describe the characteristics of a virus
Is parasitic, not cellular, replicates using host cell machinery, invades via budding out of the cell or cytolysis (bursts cell to release viral particles), has RNA/DNA
Describe the HIV virus
Has RNA, invades via budding, genome requires reverse transcriptase
What are the symptoms of infection by polio and how do these symptoms arise?
Trouble breathing as virus affects thoracic cavity muscles
What is the only virus (and the infection it causes) to have been fully eradicated?
Variola (causes smallpox)
Describe the characteristics of bacteria
Prokaryotic, peptidoglycan cell wall, poorly defined cytoskeleton, sometimes have flagella for locomotion, divide by binary fission, haploid so all mutations have an effect
Describe the effects of shigella bacteria
Damages gastrointestinal tract cells, manifests with symptoms of bloody poo, uses other cells to move it as itself it’s immobile, transmitted by faceal oral route
Describe the effects of nisseria meningitis bacteria
Can cause loss of limbs, septicaemia, airborne transmission, causes meningitis if it manages to infect cerebrospinal fluid
Describe the effects of mycobacterium bovis
Causes TB, chronic infection, no 1 killer, airborne transmission
Describe the effects of leprosy
Affects skin and nerves, different manifestations depending on individual immune systems, chronic
Describe the effects of helicobacter pylori
Causes peptic ulcers and greatly increases the risk of gastric cancer
What mutates faster out of viruses and bacteria
Viruses
Describe the characteristics of fungi
Eukaryotic, can be yeast, filaments or both, yeast buds and forms hyphae
What are the 2 types of fungal infection
Mucosal or cutaneous
What are the characteristics of Protozoa
They are unicellular and eukaryotic, can divide by binary fission, sexual or asexual reproduction, they are intestinal, blood or tissue parasites.
How do Protozoa infect?
Via vector or injection
Describe the effects of malaria
Via mosquito vector (plasmodium), trophozites can be seen in the blood film
Which disease gives immunity against malaria
Sickle cell anaemia and beta thalassemia
Describe the effects of leishmania
Via sandfly vector, tropozoites are seen, blood and tissue parasite
Describe the characteristics of helminths
They are metazoa with eukaryotic cells that are multicellular and visible by eye, examples include roundworms/flatworms/tapeworms, transmitted via faecal oral route
