Week 4- Microbial Infection Flashcards

1
Q

Which animal is a reservoir for Ebola?

A

Hammerhead fruit bat

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2
Q

What is a zoonotic infection?

A

Usually not a human infection, has an animal reservoir

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3
Q

Describe the characteristics of a virus

A

Is parasitic, not cellular, replicates using host cell machinery, invades via budding out of the cell or cytolysis (bursts cell to release viral particles), has RNA/DNA

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4
Q

Describe the HIV virus

A

Has RNA, invades via budding, genome requires reverse transcriptase

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5
Q

What are the symptoms of infection by polio and how do these symptoms arise?

A

Trouble breathing as virus affects thoracic cavity muscles

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6
Q

What is the only virus (and the infection it causes) to have been fully eradicated?

A

Variola (causes smallpox)

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7
Q

Describe the characteristics of bacteria

A

Prokaryotic, peptidoglycan cell wall, poorly defined cytoskeleton, sometimes have flagella for locomotion, divide by binary fission, haploid so all mutations have an effect

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8
Q

Describe the effects of shigella bacteria

A

Damages gastrointestinal tract cells, manifests with symptoms of bloody poo, uses other cells to move it as itself it’s immobile, transmitted by faceal oral route

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9
Q

Describe the effects of nisseria meningitis bacteria

A

Can cause loss of limbs, septicaemia, airborne transmission, causes meningitis if it manages to infect cerebrospinal fluid

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10
Q

Describe the effects of mycobacterium bovis

A

Causes TB, chronic infection, no 1 killer, airborne transmission

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11
Q

Describe the effects of leprosy

A

Affects skin and nerves, different manifestations depending on individual immune systems, chronic

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12
Q

Describe the effects of helicobacter pylori

A

Causes peptic ulcers and greatly increases the risk of gastric cancer

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13
Q

What mutates faster out of viruses and bacteria

A

Viruses

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14
Q

Describe the characteristics of fungi

A

Eukaryotic, can be yeast, filaments or both, yeast buds and forms hyphae

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15
Q

What are the 2 types of fungal infection

A

Mucosal or cutaneous

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16
Q

What are the characteristics of Protozoa

A

They are unicellular and eukaryotic, can divide by binary fission, sexual or asexual reproduction, they are intestinal, blood or tissue parasites.

17
Q

How do Protozoa infect?

A

Via vector or injection

18
Q

Describe the effects of malaria

A

Via mosquito vector (plasmodium), trophozites can be seen in the blood film

19
Q

Which disease gives immunity against malaria

A

Sickle cell anaemia and beta thalassemia

20
Q

Describe the effects of leishmania

A

Via sandfly vector, tropozoites are seen, blood and tissue parasite

21
Q

Describe the characteristics of helminths

A

They are metazoa with eukaryotic cells that are multicellular and visible by eye, examples include roundworms/flatworms/tapeworms, transmitted via faecal oral route