Week 3- Cell Injury and Fate Flashcards
What are some causes of cell injury?
Oxygen deprivation Immunological reaction Physical agents Chemical agents Genetic defect Nutritional imbalance
What are the main systems vulnerable to injury?
ATP production, cell membrane stability, genetic material stability, protein synthesis
Is cell injury always fatal?
No- it can be reversed/repaired if the injury is sublethal
What is atrophy?
Cell shrinkage- can be pathological or physiological
What is hypertrophy?
Cells swelling/getting larger and therefore organs getting larger (can be pathological or physiological)
What is hyperplasia?
When the number of cells in an organ increases
What is metaplasia?
When one cell is replaced by another (is a reversible change)
What is dysplasia?
Pre cancerous cells that may show signs of malignancy but haven’t yet invaded underlying tissues
What is necrosis?
Confluent (cells that are next to each other) cell death associated with inflammation
What are the 4 different types of necrosis?
Coagulative, liquefactive, fat and caseous
What is coagulative necrosis?
When cells die but keep their shape
What is liquefactive necrosis?
When cells die and become liquid (characteristic of brain injury)
What is caseous necrosis?
When cells die and become liquid-y but not completely liquid, often granularity is seen
What is fat necrosis?
Characteristic of acute pancreatitis, occurs when lipases leak out and digest fats, calcium then binds to fatty acids creating white spots
What is apoptosis?
Programmed cell death NOT associated with inflammation, an ACTIVE process requiring ATP. Involves formation of an apoptotic body
