week 4: lipids pt 2 Flashcards
role of digestion of lipids in mouth; stomach; liver; pancreas
mouth has minimal triglyceride digestion; gastric lipase in stomach has limited triglyceride digestion; liver produces bile; pancrease secretes pancreaatic lipase into small intestine
small intestine role in digestion of lipids (3)
bile action; pancreatic lipase action; micelles formed (water soluble)
pancreatic lipase action in small intestine
triglycerides broken down to monoglycerides + fatty acids
long chain fatty acids, monoglycerides, phospholipids and cholesterol have ____ diffusion into enterocyte - released from _____
passive diffusion; from micelle
triglycerides are packaged into ____ with phospholipids, cholesterol, fat soluble materials and proteins
chylomicrons
short/ medium chain fatty acids and glycerol have ____ diffusion directly into blood from ____
passive diffusion; from enterocyte
fatty acids that can be transported freely through the blood
short/ medium chain fatty acids (not in chylomicron)
fatty acids that need to be bound to a protein (____) in _____
long chain fatty acids; albumin; lipoproteins
chylomicrons transport triglycerides from where to where?
from diet/ small intestine to cells
VLDL transport triglycerides from where to where?
from liver to cells
which lipoprotein delivers cholesterol to most cells of the body?
LDL
high levels of ___ are related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk
LDL
HDL is made by the ___ and does what?
liver; picks up cholesterol and brings it into the liver
high levels of HDL related to ___ risk for CVD
low risk
good vs bad cholesterol
HDL vs LDL
lipoprotein lipase (LPL)
enzyme that breaks down chylomicrons and VLDL
atherosclerosis is hardening of ___ from ____
hardening of arteries from buildup of plaque along arterial lining
arteriosclerosis is the buildup of plaque in the ____
arterioles
ischemia
lack of oxygen to tissue
myocardial infection
heart attack; occlusion of blood vessels to heart and damage to tissue
cerebrovascular accident
stroke
CVD development - initiation phase
lesion, plaque formation, deposition of fat and cholesterol
CVD development - progressive phase
thickening of plaque, promoted by high blood LDL levels. arteries become less elastic
CVD development - termination phase
very narrow lumen, clot or spasm leading to complete occlusion of blood vessel = stroke
risk factors of CVD
smoking, hypertension, abnormal blood lipids (fasting), diabetes, inflammation, obesity, stress, genetics
men develop CVD ___ compared to women
earlier; women after menopause
dietary strategies to reduce risk of CVD are reducing ____ fat intake and replacing it with what? helps to decrease what?
reduce saturated fat intake, replace saturated with mono- and poly-unsaturated fats (helps decrease LDL)
decreasing trans fat intake help increase ___ and decrease ____
increase HDL and decrease LDL
which is more important, the type or amount of fat consumed?
the type of fat consumed
