week 4: lipids pt 2

Question 1

role of digestion of lipids in mouth; stomach; liver; pancreas

Answer 1

mouth has minimal triglyceride digestion; gastric lipase in stomach has limited triglyceride digestion; liver produces bile; pancrease secretes pancreaatic lipase into small intestine

Question 2

small intestine role in digestion of lipids (3)

Answer 2

bile action; pancreatic lipase action; micelles formed (water soluble)

Question 3

pancreatic lipase action in small intestine

Answer 3

triglycerides broken down to monoglycerides + fatty acids

Question 4

long chain fatty acids, monoglycerides, phospholipids and cholesterol have ____ diffusion into enterocyte - released from _____

Answer 4

passive diffusion; from micelle

Question 5

triglycerides are packaged into ____ with phospholipids, cholesterol, fat soluble materials and proteins

Answer 5

chylomicrons

Question 6

short/ medium chain fatty acids and glycerol have ____ diffusion directly into blood from ____

Answer 6

passive diffusion; from enterocyte

Question 7

fatty acids that can be transported freely through the blood

Answer 7

short/ medium chain fatty acids (not in chylomicron)

Question 8

fatty acids that need to be bound to a protein (____) in _____

Answer 8

long chain fatty acids; albumin; lipoproteins

Question 9

chylomicrons transport triglycerides from where to where?

Answer 9

from diet/ small intestine to cells

Question 10

VLDL transport triglycerides from where to where?

Answer 10

from liver to cells

Question 11

which lipoprotein delivers cholesterol to most cells of the body?

Answer 11

LDL

Question 12

high levels of ___ are related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk

Answer 12

LDL

Question 13

HDL is made by the ___ and does what?

Answer 13

liver; picks up cholesterol and brings it into the liver

Question 14

high levels of HDL related to ___ risk for CVD

Answer 14

low risk

Question 15

good vs bad cholesterol

Answer 15

HDL vs LDL

Question 16

lipoprotein lipase (LPL)

Answer 16

enzyme that breaks down chylomicrons and VLDL

Question 17

atherosclerosis is hardening of ___ from ____

Answer 17

hardening of arteries from buildup of plaque along arterial lining

Question 18

arteriosclerosis is the buildup of plaque in the ____

Answer 18

arterioles

Question 19

ischemia

Answer 19

lack of oxygen to tissue

Question 20

myocardial infection

Answer 20

heart attack; occlusion of blood vessels to heart and damage to tissue

Question 21

cerebrovascular accident

Answer 21

stroke

Question 22

CVD development - initiation phase

Answer 22

lesion, plaque formation, deposition of fat and cholesterol

Question 23

CVD development - progressive phase

Answer 23

thickening of plaque, promoted by high blood LDL levels. arteries become less elastic

Question 24

CVD development - termination phase

Answer 24

very narrow lumen, clot or spasm leading to complete occlusion of blood vessel = stroke

Question 25

risk factors of CVD

Answer 25

smoking, hypertension, abnormal blood lipids (fasting), diabetes, inflammation, obesity, stress, genetics

Question 26

men develop CVD ___ compared to women

Answer 26

earlier; women after menopause

Question 27

dietary strategies to reduce risk of CVD are reducing ____ fat intake and replacing it with what? helps to decrease what?

Answer 27

reduce saturated fat intake, replace saturated with mono- and poly-unsaturated fats (helps decrease LDL)

Question 28

decreasing trans fat intake help increase ___ and decrease ____

Answer 28

increase HDL and decrease LDL

Question 29

which is more important, the type or amount of fat consumed?

Answer 29

the type of fat consumed