week 2: digestion and absorption

Question 1

function of the GI tract (6)

Answer 1

• secretion of substances to speed up digestion
• release of hormones for digestion/ metabolism
• digestion of food
• absorption
• fermentation
• excretion of waste

Question 2

function of the stomach (2)

Answer 2

• mixes food into a liquid mass [chyme]

- secretes acid and enzymes for protein digestion and minimal lipid digestion

Question 3

small intestine (2)

Answer 3

• primary site of digestion and absorption

- 8-10 hours to move food through

Question 4

liver makes ___ and is needed for ____

Answer 4

liver makes bile and is needed for fat absorption

Question 5

gallbladder stores ____ and releases it ____

Answer 5

gallbladder stores bile and releases it into the small intestine

Question 6

pancreas makes ____ and releases them ____

Answer 6

pancreas makes digestive enzymes and releases them into the small intestine

Question 7

large intestine

Answer 7

• most nutrients have already been absorbed
• minimal digestion
• no enzyme secretion

Question 8

gastro esophageal sphincter

Answer 8

prevents stomach contents from coming up

Question 9

pyloric sphincter

Answer 9

slows rate of movement of chyme from stomach to small intestine

Question 10

segmentation

Answer 10

ring like contraction of muscles in the small intestine to break mass into smaller pieces

Question 11

chemical phase of digestion (2)

Answer 11

• stomach acid breaks some chemical bonds

- enzymes for breaking specific bonds

Question 12

gastrin

Answer 12

• food in stomach stimulates stomach acids

Question 13

cholecystokinin (CCK)

Answer 13

• fat in small intestine stimulates liver secretions

Question 14

secretin

Answer 14

• acid in small intestine stimulates bicarbonate from pancreas to neutralize acid

Question 15

absorption

Answer 15

• movement of small molecules across the GIT wall from intestinal lumen to blood or lymph

Question 16

majority of absorption occurs in ____ via _____

Answer 16

• majority of absorption occurs in the small intestine via ville and microville

Question 17

passive vs facilitated diffusion

Answer 17

• passive = no protein carrier

- facilitated = needs protein carrier

Question 18

active transport (uses/ does not use) energy, while diffusion (does/ does not)

Answer 18

• active transport uses energy while diffusion does not

Question 19

ulcer is caused by ____ but is not caused by ____

Answer 19

• caused by H. pylori but is not caused by stress, alcohol or smoking

Question 20

treatment of heartburn

Answer 20

• weight loss
• avoid overfilling stomach
• smaller meals
• avoid laying down after meals
• medication

Question 21

gallstones

Answer 21

• blockage of bile duct from gallbladder

Question 22

treatment of celiac disease

Answer 22

• need to avoid all gluten containing foods

- gluten found in wheat, rye and barley

Question 23

diverticulitis can be caused by ___

Answer 23

• low fiber diet