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KINE 1P90 > Week 4 Lecture > Flashcards

Week 4 Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

what are the important functions of the cardiovascular system

A

transport
stabilization of body temp
prevention of the loss of body fluids via clotting
stabilization of pH and electrolyte balance

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2
Q

what two examples of fluid connective tissue are relevant to the cardiovascular system?

A

Blood and lymph

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3
Q

What happens when someone has hypovolemic, Normovolemic, or Hypervolemic blood categorization?

A

hypovolemic - low blood volume
normovolemic - normal blood volumes
hypervolemic - excessive blood volumes

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4
Q

what are the main functions of the blood

A

transport oxygen and nutrients, remove waste products, regulate body temperature, maintain fluid balance, provide immunity, and facilitate clotting.

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5
Q

what is phlebotomy?

A

method of blood collection

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6
Q

what is the makeup of blood?

A

55% plasma
42% RBCs
<1% WBCs

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7
Q

what is the makeup of plasma?

A

92% water
7% plasma proteins (albumins, globulins etc.)
<1% other solutes

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8
Q

what are the main cellular components of blood?

A

red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

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9
Q

Why does the surface of blood need surface antigens?

A

to determine an individual’s blood type

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10
Q

what is an antigen?

A

a foreign molecule that triggers an immune response when recognized by the immune system. The immune response helps to neutralize the antigen and protect the body from harm.

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11
Q

which blood type is the universal donor?

A

blood type O

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12
Q

which blood type is the universal recipient

A

blood type AB

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13
Q

what blood type can a type A donor give and receive?

A

donate: A, AB
receive: A, O

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14
Q

what blood type can a type B donor give and receive?

A

donate: B, AB
receive: B, O

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15
Q

what blood type can a type AB donor give and receive?

A

Donate: AB
receive: AB, O

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16
Q

what blood type can a type O donor give and receive?

A

Donate: all
Receive: O

17
Q

how much blood does the heart pump per minute?

A

2.9 gallons

18
Q

where is the heart located?

A

near the anterior chest wall and directly posterior to the sternum in the pericardial cavity

19
Q

what are the two layers of the pericardium?

A

visceral pericardium and parietal pericardium

20
Q

What are the three layers of the heart wall? (starting from superficial to deep)
What layer is thickest?

A
  1. epicardium
  2. myocardium (thickest)
  3. endocardium
21
Q

What junctions connect muscle tissue and facilitate the synchronous contraction of the heart?

A

intercalated discs

22
Q

what are desmosomes

A

connects the plasma membrane of two cardiac muscle cells

23
Q

what is the end of an actin filament called?

A

fascia adherence

24
Q

where is the heart located?

A

behind the sternum and slightly to the left. held in the pericardium

25
Q

what is the pointy part at the bottom of the heart called?

A

the apex

26
Q

what are the 3 sulci of the heart?

A

intertribal groove
coronary sulcus
anterior/posterior interventricular suclus

27
Q

what are the two main blood vessels on the heart?

A

right coronary artery
and left coronary artery

28
Q

what are the main branches of the right coronary artery?

A

atrial branches
right marginal branch
posterior interventricular branch
conducting system branches

29
Q

what are the main branches of the right coronary artery?

A

circumflex branch
anterior interventricular branch

30
Q

what are the 4 main cardiac veins?

A

great cardiac veins
middle cardiac vein
small cardiac vein
posterior vein of the left ventricle
anterior cardiac veins

31
Q

what 2 structures facilitate the opening and closing of the valves in the heart and prevent backflow of blood?

A

chordae tendineae
papillary muscle

32
Q

which ventricle is more powerful and by how much?

A

left ventricle is 6-7x more

33
Q

why is this ventricle more powerful?

A

because it is responsible for pumping the

34
Q

what are the steps of the cardiac cycle

A
  1. atrial systole begins
  2. atrial diastole begins
  3. ventricular systole 1st phase
  4. ventricular systole 2nd phase
  5. ventricular diastole
35
Q

what are the layers of blood vessels

A

tunica adventitia (connective tissue)
tunica media (smooth muscle and elastic tissue)
tunica intima (endothelium)

36
Q

what are two types of capillaries

A

continuous capillary
fenestrated capillary

37
Q

what is the role of valves in the venous system?

A

prevent back-flow of blood
and maintaining the proper direction of blood

KINE 1P90 (6 decks)

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