Week 4 Lecture Flashcards
what are the important functions of the cardiovascular system
transport
stabilization of body temp
prevention of the loss of body fluids via clotting
stabilization of pH and electrolyte balance
what two examples of fluid connective tissue are relevant to the cardiovascular system?
Blood and lymph
What happens when someone has hypovolemic, Normovolemic, or Hypervolemic blood categorization?
hypovolemic - low blood volume
normovolemic - normal blood volumes
hypervolemic - excessive blood volumes
what are the main functions of the blood
transport oxygen and nutrients, remove waste products, regulate body temperature, maintain fluid balance, provide immunity, and facilitate clotting.
what is phlebotomy?
method of blood collection
what is the makeup of blood?
55% plasma
42% RBCs
<1% WBCs
what is the makeup of plasma?
92% water
7% plasma proteins (albumins, globulins etc.)
<1% other solutes
what are the main cellular components of blood?
red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
Why does the surface of blood need surface antigens?
to determine an individual’s blood type
what is an antigen?
a foreign molecule that triggers an immune response when recognized by the immune system. The immune response helps to neutralize the antigen and protect the body from harm.
which blood type is the universal donor?
blood type O
which blood type is the universal recipient
blood type AB
what blood type can a type A donor give and receive?
donate: A, AB
receive: A, O
what blood type can a type B donor give and receive?
donate: B, AB
receive: B, O
what blood type can a type AB donor give and receive?
Donate: AB
receive: AB, O
what blood type can a type O donor give and receive?
Donate: all
Receive: O
how much blood does the heart pump per minute?
2.9 gallons
where is the heart located?
near the anterior chest wall and directly posterior to the sternum in the pericardial cavity
what are the two layers of the pericardium?
visceral pericardium and parietal pericardium
What are the three layers of the heart wall? (starting from superficial to deep)
What layer is thickest?
- epicardium
- myocardium (thickest)
- endocardium
What junctions connect muscle tissue and facilitate the synchronous contraction of the heart?
intercalated discs
what are desmosomes
connects the plasma membrane of two cardiac muscle cells
what is the end of an actin filament called?
fascia adherence
where is the heart located?
behind the sternum and slightly to the left. held in the pericardium
what is the pointy part at the bottom of the heart called?
the apex
what are the 3 sulci of the heart?
intertribal groove
coronary sulcus
anterior/posterior interventricular suclus
what are the two main blood vessels on the heart?
right coronary artery
and left coronary artery
what are the main branches of the right coronary artery?
atrial branches
right marginal branch
posterior interventricular branch
conducting system branches
what are the main branches of the right coronary artery?
circumflex branch
anterior interventricular branch
what are the 4 main cardiac veins?
great cardiac veins
middle cardiac vein
small cardiac vein
posterior vein of the left ventricle
anterior cardiac veins
what 2 structures facilitate the opening and closing of the valves in the heart and prevent backflow of blood?
chordae tendineae
papillary muscle
which ventricle is more powerful and by how much?
left ventricle is 6-7x more
why is this ventricle more powerful?
because it is responsible for pumping the
what are the steps of the cardiac cycle
- atrial systole begins
- atrial diastole begins
- ventricular systole 1st phase
- ventricular systole 2nd phase
- ventricular diastole
what are the layers of blood vessels
tunica adventitia (connective tissue)
tunica media (smooth muscle and elastic tissue)
tunica intima (endothelium)
what are two types of capillaries
continuous capillary
fenestrated capillary
what is the role of valves in the venous system?
prevent back-flow of blood
and maintaining the proper direction of blood
