Week 1 lecture Flashcards
what is Anatomy?
the study of external and internal structures and the study of the relationship between body parts and organs
what is physiology?
the study of how the body functions and the study of mechanisms in the body
what is an example of the relationship between anatomy and physiology?
the anatomical structure of the nasal cavity provides the physiological filtering and warming of the inhaled air
what are the 2 types of anatomy
microscopic and macroscopic
microscopic anatomy
cannot be seen without magnification
subfields are cytology and histology
cytology
the study of cells
histology
the study of tissues
macroscopic anatomy
does not require use of a microscope
- surface anatomy, regional anatomy and systemic anatomy
surface anatomy
morphology (study of the form of things)
regional anatomy
all structures in a specific body area (superficial and deep)
systemic anatomy
study of organ systems
levels of organization of anatomical structures
cell -> tissue -> organ -> organ system
anatomical position
legs together
feet flat on the floor
hands down at sides
palms face forward
supine
lying down (face up) in the anatomical position
prone
lying down (face down) in the anatomical position
how many abdominopelvic quadrants are there?
right upper quadrant, left upper quadrant, right lower quadrant and left lower quadrant
3 middle abdominopelvic regions
epigastric region
umbilical region
hypogastric region
left and right AP regions
hypochondriac region
lumbar region
inguinal/iliac region
what do the pleural cavities hold?
the lungs
what does the pericardial cavity hold?
the heart
what separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity?
the diaphragm
what region is the trachea and esophagus located?
mediastinum
what lines the pleural cavity? (inside and outside)
inside: visceral pleura
outside: parietal pleura
what is the pleural cavity filled with?
serous fluid
4 tissue types
epithelial
connective
muscular
neural
epithelial tissue function
protection of surfaces
controls permeability
provides sensation
produces secretions
specialization of epithelial cells (examples)
microvilli
stereo-cilia
ciliated epithelium
shapes of epithelial cells
squamous cells
cuboidal cells
columnar cells
transitional cells
simple epithelial tissue, where is it found and what is it?
found in protected areas in the body and only have one layer of cells
stratified epithelial tissue
found in areas where there are mechanical or chemical stresses and has two or more layers of cells
