Week 4-language and levelt's model Flashcards
Define localisation
-Different cognitive abilities and behaviors are localized in specific brain regions.
-key issue is identifying which areas are responsible for human linguistic abilities.
Define lateralisation/specialisation
-certain brain regions are specialised for performing specific types of processing or tasks
-Each region performs designated function
List what cognitive skills are associated with language development. (9)
Sensation
Perception
Attention
Learning
Memory
Emotion
Behaviour
Executive functions
Problem solving and reasoning
Describe the cognitive skill of sensation
-rapid, automatic, unconscious process.
-detection of a stimulus by the sensory organs
Describe the cognitive skill of perception
-brain selects, organizes, and interprets sensations.
-Recognizes info from sense organs, such as colours, sounds, and shapes, tied to sensation.
-Varies among individuals, influenced by learning, memory, emotions, and expectations.
Describe the cognitive skill of attention
-filter sensory stimuli through selective attention (not conscious of all stimuli)
-can be controlled automatically (e.g., loud sounds), by instructions (e.g., focusing on an object), or by task demands (e.g., driving).
Describe the cognitive skill of learning
-An adaptive process where behaviour is modified by experience.
-As conditions change, new behaviours are learned, and old ones are discarded.
-Often unconscious (e.g., language development).
Performance can also be affected by factors like fatigue, distraction, and fear.
Describe the 4 learning processes
-Habituation: Reduces response to stimuli deemed unimportant (e.g., the feeling of a shirt on the skin).
-Classical Conditioning: Learning occurs through repeated pairing of two stimuli.
-Operant Conditioning: Behaviour is influenced by immediate reinforcement or punishment.
-Generalization: Applying learning from one experience to similar situations.
Describe the cognitive skills of memory
process of encoding, storing and retrieving information.
-Encoding: Actively converting stimulus information into a usable memory format.
-Storage: Maintaining information in memory.
-Retrieval: Locating and using stored information
What are the 4 types of memory. Provide definition for each.
Sensory memory: Briefly holds sensory info for about a second, aiding perception.
Short-term memory: Temporarily stores 7-9 items just perceived.
Working memory: Actively manipulates items in short-term memory, linked to attention.
Long-term memory: Stores info permanently with no limit, formed actively or passively.
What is the order for cognitive processing from sense detection to memory formation? (with def)
Sensory Detection: Sensory organs detect stimuli and convert into neural signals.
Sensory Encoding: Brain areas interpret these signals, representing stimulus properties.
Perception and Attention:
Brain organizes input, focusing on relevant info.
Short-Term Memory: Important info moves to working memory for temporary use.
Long-Term Memory Encoding: Info transfers from working to long-term memory.
Long-Term Storage: Info stored for future retrieval.
Retrieval: Stored info accessed when needed.
Describe the social interactionist theory of how social interaction impacts language development/use.
Language develops through interaction with caregivers, combining child’s natural abilities with linguistic environment.
Key Concepts:
-LASS: Social frameworks from caregivers that support language learning.
-Child-Directed Speech (CDS): Simplified adult speech that helps children acquire language.
Describe the sociocultural theory of how social interaction impacts language development/use.
Language grows from social and cultural interactions and becomes internalized to support thinking.
Key Concepts:
-Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD): gap bwn what child can do alone and with help; language grows within this zone.
-Scaffolding: Support from adults or peers within ZPD that fosters language learning.
