Week 4 - knee, ankle and foot Flashcards
What are the 2 articulating surfaces of the knee joint?
What is the knee joint surface lined with?
tibiofemoral - weight bearing component - medial and lateral epicondyles of the femur articulate with the tibial condyles.
Patellofemoral - anterior aspect of the distal femur articulates with the tibial condyles.
Joint surfaces are lined with HYALINE cartilage.
What is Osteoarthritis of the knee?
happens when the cartilage in the knee gradually wears away over time.
= pain, swelling and stiffness.
- osteoarthritis of the knee is tricompartmental as all 3 compartments of the knee joint are affected.
What type of bone is the patella?
what is the role of the patella?
it is a sesamoid bone = is embedded in a ligament/tendon.
- The patella is part of the extensor mechanism of the knee
- reduces friction in the quadriceps tendon
- It acts as a lever for the tendon of quadriceps femoris giving it a mechnical advantage.
What happens when the patella is dislocated?
Patella moves towards lateral aspect
Moves outside
The patella has a tendency to move laterally, what 2 mechanisms help prevent the patella from moving.
- The vastus medialis (has inferior fibres) which help to prevent the patella from moving laterally - active
- The lateral femoral epicondyle is bigger than the medial femoral epicondyle - acts as a resistor - passive
What is the role of the medial and lateral menisci?
The menisci are fibrocatilage structures which:
- deepen the articular surface of the tibia - so increases stability of the joint.
- They also act as shock absorbers - by increasing SA
what is the difference between the medial and lateral menisci?
medial meniscus:
- C shaped
- less mobile as attaches to the medial collateral ligament
Lateral meniscus:
- almost circular shaped
- more smaller and freely moveable compared to medial meniscus.
What is the role of the collateral ligaments?
prevent side to side (or excessive medial or lateral movements) of the tibia on the femur.
they are tight/taut in extension.
What are the 4 ligaments of the knee?
- Lateral collateral ligament (LCL) (fibula)
- Medial collateral ligament (MDL) (tibia)
- Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
- Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
What is the role of the ACL (anterior cruciate ligament)?
ACL prevents the posterior rolling of the femur on tibia.
Prevents the anterior movement of the tibia on the femur.
ACL works when knee is flexed.
ACL is the weakest out of PCL and is more prone to injury.
What is the role of the PCL (posterior cruciate ligament)
Prevents the anterior rolling of the femur on tibia.
Prevents the posterior movement of the tibia on femur.
PCL works when leg is extended e.g. walking down a hill.
What is the role of the popliteus?
Unlocks the knee
Rotates femur laterally
Assists in flexion
Doesn’t have action on foot but on the knee joint.
What are the 3 arches of the foot and what is their role collectively?
Medial longitudinal arch
Lateral longitudinal arch
Transverse arch
ROLE:
Distribute body weight
Shock absorber
What are the 5 foot tarsal bones?
TCNCC
Talus
Calcaneus
Navicular
Cunieform
Cuboid
Which collateral ligament is not attached to a meniscus?
Which meniscus and collateral ligament are more likely to be damaged during contact sports?
Lateral (fibular) collateral ligament
medial is more likely to be damaged.
Which is the highest arch of the foot?
Medial Longitudinal arch
