Week 3 - Knee, Leg and Foot

Question 1

What type of joint is the knee joint?

what action is it most stable in?

Answer 1

its a synovial hinge joint.

it is most stable in extension

Question 2

Which direction do the toes point in dorsiflexion and plantar flexion?

Answer 2

Toes upwards - dorsiflexion

Toes downwards - plantar flexion.

Ankle joint is weak at plantar flexion - so are prone to injury - spraining ankle.

Question 3

What is inversion and eversion?

Answer 3

Inversion - pinky toe on floor, big toe up.

Eversion - big toe on floor, pinky toe up.

Inversion injury of the ankle(sprained ankle)

Question 4

What is the function of the anterior leg compartment?

Answer 4

Anterior leg muscles dorsiflex the foot and extension of the toes. (+ inverts the foot)

Question 5

What is the function of the lateral leg muscles?

Answer 5

plantar flex the foot and evert the foot.

Question 6

What is the function of the posterior leg muscles/compartment?

Answer 6

posterior….

flexes the leg, plantar flexes the foot and flexes the toes.

Question 7

Which 3 muscles makeup the anterior compartment of the lower leg?

What is the anterior compartment innervated by?

Where does the anterior leg compartment receive its blood supply from?

Answer 7

TEE

Tibialis anterior
Extensor Digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus
( + Fibularis tertius)

Innervation: deep fibular nerve
Blood supply: anterior tibial artery

Question 8

What is ‘shin splits’ or anterior tibial stress syndrome?

Answer 8

when there is micro trauma in the tibialis anterior.

Question 9

Lateral compartment:

• what muscles make the lateral compartment
• function of the lateral compartment?
• Innervation of lateral compartment?
• blood supply?

Answer 9

• Fibularis longus + Fibularis brevis
• lateral compartment: for plantar flexion and eversion
• Innervation: Superficial fibular nerve.
• Blood supply: branches of fibular artery

Question 10

what nerve is damaged if the neck of the fibula is damaged?

Answer 10

damages the common fibular nerve.

• prevents being able to dorsiflex (so could have foot drop)
• cant swing leg when walking.

A patient with common fibular nerve injury would experience foot drop (weakness of dorsiflexion), weak eversion and numbness on the dorsum of the foot

Question 11

Posterior compartment:

• function?
• muscles in the posterior compartment?
• innervation?
• blood supply?

Answer 11

Function: Plantar flexion & flexion of the toes.

superficial muscles:
- Gastrocnemius
- Soleus
- Plantaris

deep muscles:
- Tibialis posterior
- Flexor digitorum longus
- Flexor hallucis longus
- popliteal

Innervated by tibial nerve and blood supply from Posterior tibial artery + Fibular artery

Question 12

What is tarsal tunnel sydrome?

what makes up the tarsal tunnel?

Answer 12

occurs when tibial nerve is compressed as it passes through the tarsal tunnel. –> leads to loss of sensation and numbness of foot.

PFPVTF

Posterior tibial tendon
Flexor digitorum longus tendon
Posterior tibial artery
Vein accompanying the tendon
Tibial nerve
Flexor hallucis longus tendon.

Question 13

What is the head of the fibula an attatchment point for?

what does the head of the fibula articulate with?

Answer 13

1. One of the hamstring muscles (biceps femoris)
2. A ligament of the knee (fibular collateral ligament)
3. Muscles of the leg (soleus, fibularis longus)

It does not take part in the knee joint.

It articulates with the tibia.

Question 14

function and innervation of tibialis anterior?

Answer 14

Function:
Dorsiflexes foot at the ankle
Inverts the foot
Supports the medial arch
Innervation:

Deep fibular nerve

Question 15

What is the function and innervation of extensor digitorum longus?

Answer 15

Function:
Dorsiflexion of the foot at the ankle
Extension of toes 2-5

Innervation:
Deep fibular nerve

Question 16

What is the function and innervation of fibularis tertius?

Answer 16

Function:
Dorsiflexion of the foot at the ankle
Weak everter of the foot

Innervation:
Deep fibular nerve

Question 17

Which blood vessel supplies the anterior compartment of the leg and which nerve innervates the anterior compartment?

Answer 17

The anterior tibial artery.

nerve: The deep fibular nerve supplies all the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg.

Question 18

The deep fibular nerve provides sensation to which part of the foot?

Answer 18

the webspace between the first and second toes.

Question 19

How many intrinsic muscles are there on the dorsum of the foot?

Answer 19

There are only 2 intrinsic muscles on the dorsum of the foot:
extensor digitorum brevis
extensor hallucis brevis

Question 20

Which muscle is the primary dorsiflexor of the foot at the ankle and can also invert the foot?

Answer 20

Tibialis anterior

Question 21

Which is the only muscle in the anterior compartment of the leg able to weakly evert the foot?

Answer 21

Fibularis tertius

Question 22

The superficial fibular nerve provides sensory innervation to which part of the foot?

Answer 22

The superficial fibular nerve innervates the skin on the dorsum of the foot.

Question 23

What is the function and innervation of tibialis posterior?

Answer 23

Function:
Plantar flexion of the foot at the ankle
Inversion of the foot
Supports the medial arch of the foot

Innervation:
Tibial nerve