week 2 - hip joint, glutal region and posterior thigh Flashcards
Where do the muscles of the buttock receive their innervation from?
from small nerves that come directly from the sacral plexus.
where does the gluteal regions get its blood supply from?
From gluteal arteries which are branches of the internal iliac artery.
Superior gluteal artery –> gluteus medius, minimus and tensor fascia
Inferior gluteal artery –> gluteus maximus
What is the role of gluteus maxmimus, medius and minimus?
maximus = major extensor of the hip joint
medius and minimus = abductors of the hip joint + support the hip when the contralateral limb is off the ground.
what are the attacthments of the gluteus minimus?
It is attached to the ilium and the greater trochanter of the femur.
The piriformis is…
- the most …….. of the deep muscles.
- Passes through the ……..
- ………. rotates the thigh at the hip
- superior
- greater sciatic foramen.
- Laterally
Which gluteal muscle is this….
- Fan shaped muscle in the superficial layer of gluteal muscles.
- Arises from the ilium between the anterior and posterior gluteal lines.
- Abduction of the hip joint and medial rotation of the thigh
The gluteus medius.
explain the relationship bewteen the superior and inferior gluteal nerves, greater sciatic foramen and piriformis muscle.
The superior gluteal nerve pass through the greater sciatic foramen above piriformis to supply the gluteal region and hip.
The inferior gluteal nerve pass through the greater sciatic foramen below piriformis to supply the gluteal region and posterior thigh.
Which muscle compartment does the sciatic nerve innervate?
the posterior compartment of the thigh (and large area of skin in the lower limb)
where (which quadrant) should a gluteal intramuscular injection be given?
and why is it here?
The upper lateral quadrant of the gluteal region.
Its done here because it avoids the sciatic nerve.
What are 3 main muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh?
what is the role of the posterior compartment?
Semimembranosus, semi-tendinosus and biceps femoris. (and hamstring portion of adductor Magnus).
Role = to extend the hip and flex the knee joint.
Which nerves does thr hip joint get innervated by?
all the 3 nerves that innervate the lower limb:
femoral, obuturator and sciatic nerve.
Where do muscles of the posterior thight get their blood supply from?
From the branches of the deep femoral artery and minor contribution from gluteal arteries.
What are the borders of the popliteal fossa?
inferior:
medial and lateral head of gastrocnemius
Superior:
laterally = biceps femoris
Medially = semimembranosus and semitendinosus muscles
The tendons of the biceps femoris muscle and the semitendinosus muscle are palpable behind the back of the knee when it is in a flexed position.
What is the role of the iliofemoral ligament?
is ‘Y’ shaped and prevents hyperextension of the hip joint.
Is the strongest ligament in the body.
What is the role of the pubofemoral ligament?
is triangular shaped, it tightens in abduction and in extension.
The spiral arrangement of the fibres of the ligaments, stabilizes the joint and reduces the amount of muscle energy required to maintain a standing position.
What role is of the ischiofemoral ligament?
is the weakest of the 3 hip ligaments.
It is posterior to the hip joint and is attatched to the ischium near the acetabulum and the greater trochanter.
