WEEK 4: HEALTHCARE AND HEALTHY POLICY Flashcards
WHAT IS A POLICY
A plan of action or direction resulting
from a decision-making process that
applies evidence, values, and reasoning
Exists in both private and public sectors and reflect the context in which they are developed
WHAT ARE 2 MAIN WAYS TO FOSTER HEALTH FROM A POLICY PERSPECTIVE
health promotion and population health
WHAT IS THE BUILDING HEALTHY PUBLIC POLICY PORTION OF THE OTTAWA CHARTER
- advocating for public health policies
- need to focus on policies that create health living conditions
- policies must extend beyond health agents and governments and look at the determinents of health
- how to alleviate and prevent issues
EXPLAIN THE CREATE SUPPORTIVE ENVIRONMENTS OF THE OTTAWA CHARTER
- encourage reciprocal care of one another (ex. safewalk), including health, safety of physical environments, including workplaces, communities and the wilder environment
EXPLAIN THE STRENGTHEN COMMUNITY ACTION OF THE OTTAWA CHARTER
- the community identifies issues and work together to make changes that will enhance/promote health. requires public participation and partnering to solve issues.
EXPLAIN THE DEVELOPING PERSONAL ACTION OF THE OTTAWA CHARTER
- helping people develop skills and enhancing coping strategies to gian control of their health and environment so they can make healthy lifestyle choices
- includes education, needs, supports, and resources
- can occur from individual all the way to population level
EXPLAIN THE REORIENTING HEALTH SERVICES PART OF THE OTTAWA CHARTER
- a shift from treating disease to improving health (preventing disease)
- making the healtcare system more efficent and effective
promotes access to primary healthcare services, community development, improved community-based care, and public participation
WHAT IS PRIMARY HEALTH CARE?
is the foundation for the entire health care system and a model for improving and the delivery of health
includes primary, secondary, and tertiary care, but also includes health promotion and illness prevention
patients and families are seen as equal partners (collaborative care team)
WHAT ARE THE 5 PRINCIBLES OF PRIMARY HEALTHCARE
- Accesibility: available to all people without geographic barriers
- public participation: individuals and families have right and responsibility to be active partners in decision making about healthcare (them and communities)
- health promotion: enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health
- appropriate technology: includes delivery methods of care, delivery, procedures, and equiptment thatis socially acceptable and affordable
- intersectoral collabortion: commitment from all sectors of area (government, community, and health). is needed for meaningful action on health determinents
WHAT IS PRIMARY CARE
(NOT HEALTHCARE)
first line contact with health services, like a family physician
POPULATION HEALTH PROMOTION MODEL
EVIDENCE
evidence informed decision making is the foundation that ensures prolicies and programs focus on the right issues, and so effective action is taken to that successful results occur
WHAT ARE THE LEVELS OF HEALTHCARE
1) Health promotion
2) disease and injury prevention
3) diagnosis and treatment
4) rehabilitation
5) supportive care
EXPLAIN THE HEALTH PROMOTION LEVEL IN THE 5 LEVELS OF HEALTHCARE
enabling people to take increase control over and to improve their health
EXPLAIN HARM REDUCTION AS AN APPRACH TO HEALTH PROMOTION
- Based on compassion and removing negative concequences
- provides alternatives to reduce risk behaviour concequences
- acceptance to alternatives to abstience.
- is rooted in social justice and recognizes that poverty, class, racism, social isolation, sex based discrimination, and other inequalities affect people vulnerability and capacity for effectivly dealing with harm
EXPLAIN DISEASE AND INJURY PREVENTION IN THE 5 LEVELS OF HEALTHCARE
- Illness prevention services
- helps individuals, families and communities reduce risk for factors like disease and injury
- can include actions in the clincal settings, behavioural aspects and environmental action
EXPLAIN THE DIAGNOSTICS AND TREATMENT LEVEL OF THE 5 LEVELS OF HEALTHCARE
primary, secondary, tertiary
- focuses on managing exisiting health issues
- primary care: first point of contact in health system (ex, family doctor) and includes taking preventative care and proactive apprach
- secondary care: usually occurs in hospital setting, involves specialized services focus is on definitive or extended diagnosis
- tertiary care: is specialized technical care, usually occurs in specialized hospitals and include expensive and sophisticated diagnostic equiptment
EXPLAIN THE REHABILITATION LEVEL OF THE 5 LEVELS OF HEALTHCARE
goal: improve the health and quality of life of those with life altering conditions regardless of age
involves promotion of independence and self care
EXPLAIN SUPPORTIVE CARE IN THE 5 LEVELS OF HEALTHCARE
- is provided to all individuals regardless of age, illness, or disability (chronic or progressive)
- supportive care includes health personal snd social services overal a prolonged time. can be provided in a variety of settings.
EXPLAIN UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM THINKING
downstream: focuses on the individual level or saving the people in the river
upstream: focuses on population based interventions liek social reform or policy changes or, why the people are falling in the river
WHAT ARE THE DISEASE PREVENTION STRATEGIES
PRIMARY, SECONDARY, TERTIARY
primary prevention: preventing initial occurance, ex, getting vaccines or fluroide in water. protection
secondary prevention: early identification of illness or disibility with prompt intervention. ex. breast self-exam, pregnancy testing screening
tertiary prevention: halting disease progression to maximize waulity of life despite ones illness or injury, ex. mental health counselling, stress manegment treatment
