Week 4 - Emotions Flashcards
what are emotions
neural and physiological responses to the environment, subjective feelings, cognitions related to those feelings, and the desire to take action
5 components of emotion
- subjective feelings
- neural responses
- physiological factors
- emotional expressions
- the desire to take action
is emotion same as mood?
no
emotion is always elicited by a specific event
mood is something that does not have a clear cause (stable)
six basic universal emotions
- happiness
- anger
- surprise
- fear
- sadness
- disgust
emotional experiences
give a +/- value to events and strengthen memories
emotional expressions
are communicative
thoughts are internal, give cues via facial expression
theories of emotion
discrete emotions theory
functionalist perspective
discrete emotions theory
innate
associated with specific and distinctive sets of reactions
largely automatic (not cognition based)
functionalist perspective
relation between self and environment
Emotions are goal directed
emotions are adapted
Positive emotions timeline:
1 month: reflexive response
6/7 weeks: “social smile”
3/4 month: laughter, curiosity, responsive smiles
negative emotions timeline (months)
1 - undifferentiated distress
2- anger, sadness
6 - surprise
7 - fear
8 - seperation anxiety
Preschool age: fear of imaginary figures
first birthday - anger specific/selectively
2 self concious emotions
shame
guilt
why do self conscious emotions develop later in life
b/c they require higher cognitive ability
- self awareness
- other awareness (ie, theory of mind - concept of other)
- social norm awareness
shame
- criticize the self
- painful, shrinking, worthless
- +self blame, inter/externalizing problems
guilt
criticize the behaviour
less painful than shame, remorse, regret
empathy
inter/externalizing problems
emotion understanding..
crucial for the development of social competence (social interactions and social relationships)
social referencing
use facial/vocal expressions to guide behaviours
cliff video
baby looks at parent facial expression to gauge if it is safe
emotional display rules
a social group or culture’s informal norms that distinguish how one should express oneself
- when emotions should be masked
emotion regulation
involves conscious and unconscious processes
monitor and modulate emotional experiences and expressions (identify and use strategies)
emotional variability is linked to what mental health disorders
depression
anxiety
aggression
what age group is emotional variability highest in
adolescence
who relies on co-regulation
infants
(parent comfort child ie, cuddling)
when do kids start to develop self-regulation
from 5 months
- self comforting
- self distraction
(thumb sucking, looking away)
cognitive reappraisal
involves changing how one thinks about or appraises a given situation
emotional intelligence
ability to cognitively process our own and others emotions and use this to guide our thoughts and behaviour to achieve our personal and social goals
4 influences that affect emotional functioning
social and cultural factors
family factors
child temperament
peer influence
social and cultural factors
-> family factors
emotion socialization
family factors -> child temperament
passive gene environment correlation
emotional functioning
emotion experience
understand other’s emotion
understand own emotion
emotion regulation
display rule
role of parents
parent modeling
emotion socialization
parent modelling
- happy expressions
- angry expressions
- non responsive
- higher social competence in children
- more behavioural problems in children
- high distress in infants - STILL FACE EXPERIMENT
emotion socialization
process through which children learn values, standards, skills knowledge and behaviours that are socially adaptive and culturally appropriate
how can parents react with emotion socialization
reaction to child’s emotion expression (dismissive vs support)
discuss emotions with child
(emotion coaching predicts better emotion understanding)
individual differents
due to temperament:
temperament
refers to ind differences in emotions, activity level and attention
genetically based but also influenced by the environment
3 main categories of temperament
easy child (40%)
difficult child (10%)
slow to warm up (15%)
goodness of fit
the extent to which ones temperament matches the environment
differential susceptibility
some people are more susceptible to the quality of the parenting style compared to other people
moral emotions
link moral standards and moral behaviours
moral emotions 4 emotions
- conscience
- guilt
- empathy
- symapthy
conscience
inner motivation to act accord to social and cultural norms
empathy
provoked when witnessing other in distress, resonating with another emotions
sympathy
being concerned for another (self other distinction)
guilt
provoked when failing to live up to social standard or expectations
antisocial personality disorder
individuals who do not act morally
impulsive, irresponsible and often criminal behaviour
lack of remorse
recklessness
