Week 4 Diabetes and Blood Glucose Flashcards
Which organ of the body secretes Insulin?
Pancreas
Insulin allows what substance to enter the cells?
Glucose
What is the most commom type of Diabetes?
Type 2
If a person has self administered their own medication, for example a person with diabetes self administering their prescribed insulin what code do you use to record that on their medication chart?
S
At what Blood Glucose level reading do you need to administer a fast acting carbohydrate?
Less than 4 mmol/l
If a diabetic person is experiencing dizziness, sweating, blurred vision, feels weak and unwell what is the likely cause?
Hypoglycaemia
How long do you wait after giving a fast acting carbohydrate before you recheck the BGL?
15 Minutes
What substance can be detected in the urine of a person with uncontrolled diabetes?
Ketones
Types of supplemental Insulin are classified by:
How long they have an effect after each dose
One potential complication of uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus is:
Coronary artery disease
Hypoglycaemia is a BGL less than?
4 mmol/L
Neuropathy, which is a potential complication of Diabetes Mellitus refers to damage of the:
Nerves
Of all the diagnosed cases of Diabetes Mellitus which is the most common?
Type 2
The standard frequency for BGL monitoring in hospital is
Pre meals and at 2100Hrs
The role of insulin in the body is to:
Lower Blood Glucose
The first assessment question in the management of Hypoglycaemia is:
Is the patient conscious and cooperative?
Which of the following are common symptoms of hypoglycaemia?
Sweating, Dizziness and Confusion
Type 1 Diabetes is most commonly diagnosed at what age?
Childhood
Disease of inadequate control of blood levels of glucose.
Diabetes mellitus
A chronic condition in which the pancreas produces little or no insulin.
Type 1 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes affects how your body uses sugar (glucose) for energy. It stops the body from using insulin properly, which can lead to high levels of blood sugar, if not treated.
Type 2 diabetes
A condition in which blood sugar is high, but not high enough to be type 2 diabetes.
Pre-diabetes
Without intervention, it’s likely to become type 2 diabetes within 10 years.
Diabetes that develops during pregnancy. High BGL.
Gestational diabetes
Dangerous for baby
Blood glucose level (BGL) drops to a very low level (below 4mmol/L)
Hypoglycaemia
Blood glucose greater than 125 mg/dL while fasting and greater than 180 mg/dL 2 hours postprandial
Hyperglycaemia
Mr Tan has an intravenous order to receive 1000ml normal saline to be infused over 16hrs
Calculate the flow rate in ml/hr
1000/16
= 62.5ml/hr
Mr Tan has an intravenous order to receive 1000ml normal saline to be infused over 16hrs
Calculate the drip rate in drops per min if the drip factor is 20/min
1000/16 x 20/60
= 1000/48
= 20.8
= 21 drops per min
Why do type 1 have to test at 2am?
Cannot regulate so need to check for dip
A serious diabetes complication where the body produces excess blood acids
Ketoacidosis
Blood test that is used to diagnose type 2 diabetes.
HbA1c
Small, portable machine that’s used to measure how much glucose is in the blood
Glucometer
Peptide hormone secreted from the alpha cells of the pancreatic islets
Glucagon
Cells that make insulin, a hormone that controls the level of glucose in the blood
Beta cells
A serious diabetes complication where the body produces excess blood acids (ketones).
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
This condition occurs when there isn’t enough insulin in the body. It can be triggered by infection or other illness.
A resistance to the hormone insulin, resulting in increasing blood sugar.
Insulin resistance
Chemicals that the body creates when it breaks down fat to use for energy
Ketones
A type of nerve damage that can occur if you have diabetes
Neuropathy
An eye condition that can cause vision loss and blindness in people who have diabetes.
Retinopathy
It affects blood vessels in the retina (the light-sensitive layer of tissue in the back of your eye).
The deterioration of kidney function
Nephropathy
Hypoglycaemia symptoms
Fast heartbeat
Shaking
Sweating
Nervousness or anxiety
Irritability or confusion
Dizziness
Hunger
Hyperglycaemia symptoms
Increased thirst and a dry mouth
Needing to pee frequently
Tiredness or weakness
Blurred vision
Unintentional weight loss
Recurrent infections, such as thrush, bladder infections (cystitis) and skin infections.
When does ketoacidosis occur?
When there isn’t enough insulin in the body. It can be triggered by infection or other illness.
Final stage of nephropathy
Kidney failure
