Week 4 CV

Question 1

The circulatory system is Composed of:

Answer 1

Blood vessels
Fluid
Pump

Question 2

Name 3 diagnostic tests for Cardiovascular function

Answer 2

Electrocardiography
Auscultation
Echocardiography
Exercise stress test
Chest x ray
Cardiac catheterization
Angiography

Question 3

What causes arteriolosclerosis ?

Answer 3

Hardening (loss of elasticity) of the walls of arteries or arterioles

Question 4

What are key risk factors of Arteriosclerosis?

Answer 4

Hypertension
Diabetes

Question 5

Type 1 injury process causes what ?

Answer 5

Leakage of plasma proteins which become trapped (endothelium)

Question 6

Type 2 injury causes what ?

Answer 6

Smooth muscle cells to die

Question 7

Type 3 of Patho process does what ?

Answer 7

Deposits calcium

Question 8

A common complication of arteriosclerosis is called ?

Answer 8

Atherosclerosis

Question 9

4 things plaques are composed of

Answer 9

Lipids, dead cells, fibrous tissue, and platelets resulting in arteries to become thicker, harder and less flexible

Question 10

What are the 6 stages of development for Atherosclerosis ?

Answer 10

Inflammation of endothelium
Macrophage migration
Fatty streak
Fibrous plaque
Complicated plaque
Atheroma

Question 11

What are plaques primarily composed of ?

Answer 11

Intracellular and extracellular lipids

Question 12

Which lipids are good and bad ?

Answer 12

LDL BAD
HDL GOOD

Question 13

What is cardiac output ?

Answer 13

The amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in 1 minute

Question 14

What is heart rate ?

Answer 14

The number of contractions of the ventricles each minute

Question 15

Name some causes of hypertension

Answer 15

Genes, sodium and water retention, altered renin, stress, obesity, insulin resistance

Question 16

How does increased renin secretion work to increase bp?

Answer 16

It causes systemic vasoconstriction which increases peripheral resistance

Question 17

What are some server hypertension symptoms ?

Answer 17

Fatigue, reduced activity tolerance, dizziness, palpitations, angina, and dyspnea(shortness of breath)

Question 18

Stages of development for Atherosclerosis

Answer 18

I might fuck first cause A can

Question 19

What is Thrombosis ?

Answer 19

Blood clot

Question 20

When does Aneurysms occur ?

Answer 20

When artery wall weakens causing large bulge

Question 21

What is the difference between primary and secondary hypertension ?

Answer 21

Hypertension that doesn’t have a known cause is know as primary and secondary has known cause

Question 22

What is the difference between white coat syndrome and masked hypertension ?

Answer 22

Condition where patients readings are inaccurate maybe because of the environment. White coat being spike in blood pressure and masked is normal readings

Question 23

Factors that may cause primary hypertensions

Answer 23

Age
Men affected more frequently
Genetic factors
Sodium intake

Question 24

Diagnostic test for primary hypertension

Answer 24

Blood Chemistry
Electrocardiography
Urinary albumin
Blood pressure monitoring

Question 25

Clinical findings that suggest Secondary hypertension ?

Answer 25

Unproven hypokalemia(low level of potassium)
Abdominal bruit
Family history of renal disease

Question 26

4 areas most frequently damaged by hypertension

Answer 26

Kidneys, heart, brain, retina

Question 27

What is peripheral Arterial Disease ?

Answer 27

Disease of arteries outside the heart

Question 28

Diagnostic test for PAD

Answer 28

Blood flow assessed by Doppler studies

Question 29

PAD clinical Manifestations

Answer 29

Increases pain in leg
Clot formation in leg
Sensory impairment
Peripheral pulses distal and weak
Dry skin

Question 30

What is thrombophlebitis ?

Answer 30

Thrombus development in inflamed veins which can cause pulmonary embolism

Question 31

How can I prevent thrombophlebitis?

Answer 31

Exercise
Elevate leg
Compression socks
Early ambulation