Week 4 CV Flashcards
The circulatory system is Composed of:
Blood vessels
Fluid
Pump
Name 3 diagnostic tests for Cardiovascular function
Electrocardiography
Auscultation
Echocardiography
Exercise stress test
Chest x ray
Cardiac catheterization
Angiography
What causes arteriolosclerosis ?
Hardening (loss of elasticity) of the walls of arteries or arterioles
What are key risk factors of Arteriosclerosis?
Hypertension
Diabetes
Type 1 injury process causes what ?
Leakage of plasma proteins which become trapped (endothelium)
Type 2 injury causes what ?
Smooth muscle cells to die
Type 3 of Patho process does what ?
Deposits calcium
A common complication of arteriosclerosis is called ?
Atherosclerosis
4 things plaques are composed of
Lipids, dead cells, fibrous tissue, and platelets resulting in arteries to become thicker, harder and less flexible
What are the 6 stages of development for Atherosclerosis ?
Inflammation of endothelium
Macrophage migration
Fatty streak
Fibrous plaque
Complicated plaque
Atheroma
What are plaques primarily composed of ?
Intracellular and extracellular lipids
Which lipids are good and bad ?
LDL BAD
HDL GOOD
What is cardiac output ?
The amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in 1 minute
What is heart rate ?
The number of contractions of the ventricles each minute
Name some causes of hypertension
Genes, sodium and water retention, altered renin, stress, obesity, insulin resistance
How does increased renin secretion work to increase bp?
It causes systemic vasoconstriction which increases peripheral resistance
What are some server hypertension symptoms ?
Fatigue, reduced activity tolerance, dizziness, palpitations, angina, and dyspnea(shortness of breath)
Stages of development for Atherosclerosis
I might fuck first cause A can
What is Thrombosis ?
Blood clot
When does Aneurysms occur ?
When artery wall weakens causing large bulge
What is the difference between primary and secondary hypertension ?
Hypertension that doesn’t have a known cause is know as primary and secondary has known cause
What is the difference between white coat syndrome and masked hypertension ?
Condition where patients readings are inaccurate maybe because of the environment. White coat being spike in blood pressure and masked is normal readings
Factors that may cause primary hypertensions
Age
Men affected more frequently
Genetic factors
Sodium intake
Diagnostic test for primary hypertension
Blood Chemistry
Electrocardiography
Urinary albumin
Blood pressure monitoring
Clinical findings that suggest Secondary hypertension ?
Unproven hypokalemia(low level of potassium)
Abdominal bruit
Family history of renal disease
4 areas most frequently damaged by hypertension
Kidneys, heart, brain, retina
What is peripheral Arterial Disease ?
Disease of arteries outside the heart
Diagnostic test for PAD
Blood flow assessed by Doppler studies
PAD clinical Manifestations
Increases pain in leg
Clot formation in leg
Sensory impairment
Peripheral pulses distal and weak
Dry skin
What is thrombophlebitis ?
Thrombus development in inflamed veins which can cause pulmonary embolism
How can I prevent thrombophlebitis?
Exercise
Elevate leg
Compression socks
Early ambulation
