Week 3 Chronic Neurologic Disorders Flashcards
Multiple Sclerosis Characteristics
-impaired cognitive function
-progressive degeneration
What causes MS?
-idiopathic(unknown)
-infections
-genetic factors)European decent
-environmental factors (climate)
What is the onset for MS
20-40
What puts you for high risk of MS
-European descent
-Increase risk for close relatives
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MS results in loss of what In the white matter of the brain ?
Myelin sheath
Without myelin nerve pulses?
-Slow down leading to axons to be destroyed and impulses to be blocked
-results in permanent loss of nerve function
-affects all nerve fibres
What causes plaque formation?
SCAR TISSUE (Scattered throughout the CNS)
Clinical manifestations of MS?
-Vague symptoms occur intermittently over months and years
-VARIES WITH INDIVIDUAL
-chronic, progressive deterioration
-remission in people
Signs and symptoms of MS
-Motor
-Sensory
-Cerebellar
-Emotional Changes
What are early clinical manifestations of MS?
-blurred vision, weakness in legs, numbness, burning, tingling
-progressively weakness and paralysis of limbs, trunk, and head
-loss of coordination,bladder,bowel, sexual dysfunction or even depression
Major types of MS
Relapsing-remitting
Secondary Progressive
Progressive-Relapsing
Primary Progressive
What is most common type of ms
Relapsing-remitting (unpredictable attacks which may or may not leave permanent deficits)
What can you tell me about Secondary-Progressive MS
Ms that suddenly begins to have a decline without periods of remission
Why is Primary-Progressive MS different ?
-Steady increase in disability without attacks
Progressive relapsing MS
Steady decline since onset of attacks
What is MS?
Disorder of the CNS characterized by Demyelination(Damage of Myelin) of the nerve fibres of the: brain, cranial nerves, spinal cord
Secondary Progressive MS
Sudden decline without period of remission
What are diagnostic studies based on?
Patient history, MRI, clinical Manifestations
What is Parkinson’s Disease?
Progressive degenerative disorder of CNS mainly affecting motor
PD decreases production of what ?
Dopamine
What is the main cause of PD?
Genetic/ Environmental Factors
What is secondary PD causes by?
Trauma, vascular disease, drug induced
What structure is responsible for voluntary motor control?
Basal Ganglia
What are the neurotransmitters that balance and refine voluntary motor movement ?
Dopamine and Acetylcholine
What does Dopamine do ?
Slow things down
What does Acetylcholine do ?
Speed things up
Early signs and symptoms of Parkinson’s disease
Fatigue,muscle weakness, decreased flexibility, tremors in hands
Later signs and symptoms of PD
Difficulty initiating movement
Activity’s become slow and difficult
What is dementia ?
Progressive Chronic Disease
What causes dementia ?
-Vascular disease
-infection
-Genetic disorder
What is cause of AD
Unknown
Signs and symptoms of AD
-behavioural changes
-gradual loss of memory
-impaired learning
-decline of cognitive function
