Week 3 Chronic Neurologic Disorders

Question 1

Multiple Sclerosis Characteristics

Answer 1

-impaired cognitive function
-progressive degeneration

Question 2

What causes MS?

Answer 2

-idiopathic(unknown)
-infections
-genetic factors)European decent
-environmental factors (climate)

Question 3

What is the onset for MS

Answer 3

20-40

Question 4

What puts you for high risk of MS

Answer 4

-European descent
-Increase risk for close relatives
-

Question 5

MS results in loss of what In the white matter of the brain ?

Answer 5

Myelin sheath

Question 6

Without myelin nerve pulses?

Answer 6

-Slow down leading to axons to be destroyed and impulses to be blocked
-results in permanent loss of nerve function
-affects all nerve fibres

Question 7

What causes plaque formation?

Answer 7

SCAR TISSUE (Scattered throughout the CNS)

Question 8

Clinical manifestations of MS?

Answer 8

-Vague symptoms occur intermittently over months and years
-VARIES WITH INDIVIDUAL
-chronic, progressive deterioration
-remission in people

Question 9

Signs and symptoms of MS

Answer 9

-Motor
-Sensory
-Cerebellar
-Emotional Changes

Question 10

What are early clinical manifestations of MS?

Answer 10

-blurred vision, weakness in legs, numbness, burning, tingling
-progressively weakness and paralysis of limbs, trunk, and head
-loss of coordination,bladder,bowel, sexual dysfunction or even depression

Question 11

Major types of MS

Answer 11

Relapsing-remitting
Secondary Progressive
Progressive-Relapsing
Primary Progressive

Question 12

What is most common type of ms

Answer 12

Relapsing-remitting (unpredictable attacks which may or may not leave permanent deficits)

Question 13

What can you tell me about Secondary-Progressive MS

Answer 13

Ms that suddenly begins to have a decline without periods of remission

Question 14

Why is Primary-Progressive MS different ?

Answer 14

-Steady increase in disability without attacks

Question 15

Progressive relapsing MS

Answer 15

Steady decline since onset of attacks

Question 16

What is MS?

Answer 16

Disorder of the CNS characterized by Demyelination(Damage of Myelin) of the nerve fibres of the: brain, cranial nerves, spinal cord

Question 17

Secondary Progressive MS

Answer 17

Sudden decline without period of remission

Question 18

What are diagnostic studies based on?

Answer 18

Patient history, MRI, clinical Manifestations

Question 19

What is Parkinson’s Disease?

Answer 19

Progressive degenerative disorder of CNS mainly affecting motor

Question 20

PD decreases production of what ?

Answer 20

Dopamine

Question 21

What is the main cause of PD?

Answer 21

Genetic/ Environmental Factors

Question 22

What is secondary PD causes by?

Answer 22

Trauma, vascular disease, drug induced

Question 23

What structure is responsible for voluntary motor control?

Answer 23

Basal Ganglia

Question 24

What are the neurotransmitters that balance and refine voluntary motor movement ?

Answer 24

Dopamine and Acetylcholine

Question 25

What does Dopamine do ?

Answer 25

Slow things down

Question 26

What does Acetylcholine do ?

Answer 26

Speed things up

Question 27

Early signs and symptoms of Parkinson’s disease

Answer 27

Fatigue,muscle weakness, decreased flexibility, tremors in hands

Question 28

Later signs and symptoms of PD

Answer 28

Difficulty initiating movement
Activity’s become slow and difficult

Question 29

What is dementia ?

Answer 29

Progressive Chronic Disease

Question 30

What causes dementia ?

Answer 30

-Vascular disease
-infection
-Genetic disorder

Question 31

What is cause of AD

Answer 31

Unknown

Question 32

Signs and symptoms of AD

Answer 32

-behavioural changes
-gradual loss of memory
-impaired learning
-decline of cognitive function