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PSYC 335 > Week 4: Chapter 7 - Mood Disorders > Flashcards

Week 4: Chapter 7 - Mood Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between Bipolar | and Bipolar ||

A

Bipolar | has full manic episodes, alternating with major depressive disorder, where as Bipolar || has hypomanic episodes alternating with major depressive disorder

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2
Q

Greif that is characteried by debilitating feelings of loss and emotions so painful that a person has trouble resuming a normal life is named?

A

Complicated Greif

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3
Q

Is Complicated greif a DSM-5 diagnosis?

A

No, but may be in the future

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4
Q

Explain “Cyclothymic Disorder”

A

Chronic (at least 2 years) mood disorder, alternating mood elevation and depression levels. Not as severe Manic or MD episodes

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5
Q

What is the ‘Depressive Cognitive Triad”

A

Thinking errors in depressed people negatively focused in three areas; themselves, their immediate world and their future

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6
Q

What is “Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder”

A

A condition in which a child has chronic negative moods such as anger and irritability without any accompanying mania

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7
Q

A condition in which a child has chronic negative moods such as anger and irritability without any accompanying mania is called what?

A

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder”

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8
Q

When someone presents with a sever mood disorder that is typified by major depressive episodes and a background of persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia) they are said to have ?

A

Double depression, also called “Persistant depressive disorder with intermittent Major depressive episoders:

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9
Q

What is another name for Dysthmia?

A

Persistent depressive disorder

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10
Q

A less severe and less disruptive version of a manic episode is called what ?

A

Hypomanic episode

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11
Q

What is integrated greif?

A

Greif that evolves from acute, into a condition in which the individual accepts the finality of the death and adjusts to the loss

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12
Q

What is the emphasis in Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) ?

A

Emphasis on the resolution of interpersonal problems and stressors
i.e marriage, forming relationships in a new job etc

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13
Q

The theory that depression is the result of perceived or real, absence of control over the outcome of an undesirable situation is referred to as ?

A

Learned helplessness theory of depression

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14
Q

The combination of continued psychosocial treatment, medication, or both, designed to prevent relapse following therapy is what?

A

Maintenance treatment

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15
Q

What is the most common and most severe episode of depression?

A

Major depressive episode

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16
Q

How long does a major depressive episode need to persist to be diagnosed?

A

at least 2 weeks, for most of the day, nearly everyday

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17
Q

Describe what it means when the specifier of “mixed features” is used

A

A mood episode with elements reflecting the opposite valance of mood - Experiences of both elation and depression or anxiety, at the same time.

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18
Q

Define “Mood Disorder”

A

Severe and enduring gross deviation in mood from the average

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19
Q

What are the diagnostic categories for “Persisent Depressive Disorder?”

A

Present for 2+ years, with no absence of symptoms for more than 2 months. Involves persistently depressed mood

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20
Q

What is a psychologial autopsy?

A

A postmortem profile of a suicide victim, constructed from interviews with people who knew the person, before the death

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21
Q

What is SAD - Seasonal Affective Disorder?

A

A specifier, involving a cycling of episodes corresponding to the seasons of the year, typically with depression coming in winter

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22
Q

What are three types of episodes in the mood disorders range?

A

Major depressive episode,
Manic/Hypomanic Episode,
Mixed Features

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23
Q

What are DSM-5 criteria for a major depressive episode?

A

Symptoms MUST last at least 2 weeks for most of the day, nearly every day. MUST have FIVE symptoms listed in total, and one of these MUST be extremely depresssed mood and/or loss of pleasure (anhedonia). Additionally, MUST cause significant distress or impairment

24
Q

What are DSM-5 criteria for a Manic Epispde?

A

MUST have a period of abnormally elevated, expansive, or Irritable mood for AT LEAST 1 Week, present for most of the day nearly every day (an exception to this time is if hospitalization is required due to mania). THREE or more symptoms from DSM-5 criteria B must also be present.

25
Q

What is hypomania?

A

A less severe version of mania. Lasts at least 4 days, fewer and milder symptoms

26
Q

What are the DSM-5 Diagnostic includesion/exclusion criteria for a major depressive disorder?

A

MUST have at least one (or more) major depressive episode/s. Never had a manic/hypomanic episode.

27
Q

What is the DSM-5 criteria for “Persistent Depressive Disorder”

A

At least 2 years of depressive symtpoms, with no two months symptom free. Mood must be depressed most of the day on more than 50% of days.
Must have TWO symptoms from criteria B present whilst depressed.
Symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment

28
Q

If a person has persistent depressive disorder and experiences more severe major depressive symptoms, what is this called?

A

Double depression (mild depressive symptoms with additional major depressive episodes occuring intermittently

29
Q

What is the use of a specifier, in DSM-5

A

An additional diagnostic label used to convey extra information about symptoms (often at a subclinical level)

30
Q

What is the mean age of onset for a depressive disorder?

A

Age 30

31
Q

Earlier onset of persistant depression is associated with a __________ outcome

A

Worse

32
Q

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder is only diagnosable between what ages?

A

6 - 18

33
Q

What is Cyclothimia?

A

A type of bi-polar, however less severe and is chronic (MUST last for two years). Alternations between less severe/mild depressive and hypomanic periods. Episodes do not meet criteria for full major depressive episode or full hypomanic episode

34
Q

What is the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for Bipolar ||?

A

Criteria must be met for at least ONE hypomanic episode and at least ONE major depressive episode,
Minimum duration of 4 days. Never been a manic episode

35
Q

What is the difference between DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for Bipolar | and Bipoalr || ?

A

Bipolar | has longer duration, higher severity of mania.

36
Q

What are key features of the rapid cycling specifier in Bipolar disorder?

A

Moving quickly in and out of mania and depression, experiencing at least FOUR manic or depresive episodes within a year

37
Q

What % of people experience rapid cycling bipolar?

A

20% - 50% of cases

38
Q

What is the ratio of male to female experiencing major depressive disorder?

A

Females 2:1

39
Q

What is the ratio of male to female experiencing bipolar disorders?

A

1:1 (equal)

40
Q

What is the prevalance of bipolar across childhood, adolescence and adults?

A

The same, about 1%

41
Q

What are 3 neurobiological influences thought to be related to mood disorders?

A

Serotonin neurotransmitter, The Endocrine system, sleep disturbance

42
Q

What are three attribution styles linked to depression, referred to as the cognitive triad?

A 
Internal attributions (negative outcomes are ones own fault), stable attributions (believing future negative outcomes will be ones own fault), global attributions (believe negative events will disrupt many life activities). All three contribute to a sense of hopelessness.
Cognitive triad =  Involving thinking negatively about oneself, the world, the future
43
Q

_____________ is very important and strongly related to predicing recover in mood disorders

A

Social support

44
Q

Treatment of mood disorders includes _______, ________, and ______.

A

Medications, ECT, psychosocial

45
Q

What are two psychosocial treatments of mood disorder?

A

CBT and interpersonal psychotherapy

46
Q

What is the first line of treatment for Bipolar?

A

Medication, specifically Lithium

47
Q

The onset, maintanence and treatment of mood disorders are affected by what three areas?

A

Stressful life events, social support, differential response to medication

48
Q

What is the most commonly diagnosed and most severe depressive disorder?

A

Major depressive disorder

49
Q

What does Anhedonia reflect in a depressive episode?

A

a state of low positive affect and high negative affect

50
Q

How long does it need to be (remission) to separate mood episodes to say they are single episodes, not a continuation?

A

Two months

51
Q

If two or more depressive episodes occur with periods of remission this is referred to as ?

A

Recurrent

52
Q

Why is it important to consider recurrence in mood disorders?

A

Predicting the future course of the disorder and implications for treatment

53
Q

What is the median number of major depressive episode and how long do these usually last for people?

A

Median of 4-7 MD episodes, typically lasting 4 - 5 months.

54
Q

What are features of a Melancholic features specifier?

A

Must meet full criteria for MDE. Consists of severe somatic symptoms such as early morning awakenings, weight loss, lack of reactivity to positive symptoms, inappropriate guilt

55
Q

What is presentation like in MDD with atypical features?

A

Over sleeping, over eating, some interest or pleasure.

PSYC 335 (10 decks)

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