Week 1, Chapter 1 - Perspectives on Abnormal Behaviour Flashcards
What is behaviourism and the the behaviour model?
An explanation of human behaviour (including dysfunction) based on the principals of learning and adaptation derived from experimental psychology.
Define Catharsis
Rapid or sudden release of emotional tension thought to be an important factor in psychoanalytic therapy.
What is the ‘course’ of a disroder
The pattern and development of change of a disorder over time
The number of new cases of a disorder appearing during a specific time is called what?
the ‘incidence’ of a disorder
What are “intrapsychic conflicts?”
A psychoanalytic term - the struggles among the Id, ego, and super ego.
The 19th century effort to improve the care of mentally disordered by informing the public of their miss treatment was called?
Mental Hygiene Movement
The 19th movement that involved treating patients as normally as possible in a normal environment was called?
Moral Therapy
What is the word to match this description?
Obsolete psychodynamic term for a psychological disorder thought to result from unconscious conflicts and the anxiety they cause
Neurosis
What is object relations theory?
Psychodynamic theory involving the study of how children incorporate the memories and values of people who are close and important to them
What is the core basis of person-centred therapy?
The client, rather than the counselor, primarily direct the course of discussion, seeking self-discovery and self-responsibility.
What is the behavioural therapy technique called that seeks to deminish excessive fears by involving gradual exposure to feared stimulus paired with a positive coping experience (usually relaxation)
Systematic Desentiziation
What are the key elements of Systematic Desentisization therapy?
Diminishing excessive fears through gradual exposure paired with positive coping experience (usually relaxation)
What is the psychoanalytic term of Transference?
When clients may seek to relate to the therapist as they do other important figures (particularly their parents)
What is the term best fitting to this sentence “Acceptance by the counselor of the client’s feelings and actions without judgement or condemnation”
Unconditional Positive Regard
Define “prevalence”
Total number of population with a particular disorder
The original complaint reported by the client to the therapist if called the..?
Presenting Problem
What is a ‘prognosis’
Predicted future development of a disorder over time
What does psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic model involve?
Exploration and insight into the unconscious (processes and conflicts). Seeks to account for the development and structure of personality. From Freud.
The contemporary version of psychoanalysis is called what?
What does this involve?
Psychodynamic Psychotherapy. This involved emphasizing the unconscious processes and conflics but is breif and focused on specific problems
The study of psychological disorders is called?
Psychopathology
The treatment that focuses on social/cultural factors and psychological influences is called?
Psychosocial treatment
Explain the key elements to a ‘scientist-practitioner’
- Apply scientific methods to work
- Must keep up with the current research on diagnosis and treatment
- Must evaluate own methods for effectiveness
- May generate own research to discover new knowledge
They are a Consumer of Science, A Evaluator of Science, Creator of Science
Define Self-Actualizing
The process in which people strive to achieve their highest potential, against difficult life experiences
What are the three defining criteria for a psychological disorder?
- A psychological dysfunction that is associated with
- distress or impairment in functioning and
- a response that is not typical or culturally expected.
What are the three basic categories that research around psychological disorders fall into?
- Description
- Causation
- Treatment and outcomes
In history, what were the three approaches traditionally used to explain abnormal behaviour?
- Supernatural
- Biological
- Psychological
From Freuds psychoanalytic therapy came ______ ________ and from this the approach of ______________ _________ emerged
Humanistic Psychology, Person-centered therapy
What model moved psychology towards the real of science? and Why?
The behavioural model, because it was able to measure, this was supported using techniques such as shaping and reinforcement
A breakdown in cognitive, emotional or behavioural functioning is referred to as?
Psychological dysfunction
What is the DSM-5 definition of a psychological disorder?
“behavioural, psychological or biological dysfunctions that are un-expected in their cultural context and associated with present distress and impairment in functioning, or increased risk of suffering, death, pain or impairment”
What are the three major categories for studying and discussing psychological disorder?
- The clinical description
- The causation (etiology)
- The treatment and outcome
The unique combination of behaviours. thoughts and feelings that make up a specific disorder are referred to as?
The clinical description
What is the major role of the clinical description?
To differentiate the disorder from normal behaviours or other disorders
What dimensions are considered when discussing the etiology of a disorder?
The biological, psychological and social
