Week 1, Chapter 2

Question 1

Short periods of electrical activity at the membrane of a neuron, responsible for the transmission of signals with the neuron is called?

Answer 1

Action Potentials

Question 2

Define ‘Affect’

Answer 2

Conscious, subjective aspect of an emotion that accompanies an action at a given time

Question 3

The chemical substance that effectively increases the activity of a neurotransmitter by imitating its effects is called an _________?

Answer 3

Agonist

Question 4

The chemical substance that decreases or blocks the effects of a neurotransmitter is called an ______?

Answer 4

Antagonist

Question 5

What is the difference between an agonist and an antagonist?

Answer 5

An agonist increases the activity of a neurotransmitter and an antagonist decreases or blocks the effects of a neurotransmitter

Question 6

The currents or neural pathways in the brain are called ___________?

Answer 6

Brain Circuits

Question 7

What is the circumplex model of emotions?

Answer 7

A model describing different emotions as points in a 2-dimensional space of valance and arousal

Question 8

What is the field of study called that examines how humans and other animals acquire, process, store, and retrieve information?

Answer 8

Cognitive science

Question 9

What is the neurotransmitter “Dopamine” main function?

Answer 9

To activate other neurotransmitters and aid in the exploratory and pleasure seeking behaviours.

Question 10

The study of factors other than inherited DNA sequence, such as new learning or stress, that alter the phenotypic expression of genes is called ?

Answer 10

Epigenetics

Question 11

What is the name applied to developmental psychopathology principle that a behaviour or disorder may have several causes?

Answer 11

Equifinality

Question 12

Explain the fight or flight response

Answer 12

Biological reaction to alarming stressors that muster the body’s resources to resist or flee threat

Question 13

The neurotransmitter that reduces anxiety across the synapses and thus inhibits a range of beahviours and emotions (especially generalized anxiety) is called?

Answer 13

GABA - gamma-aminobutyric acid

Question 14

What is the hypothesis of the gene-environment correlation model

Answer 14

Theory that people with a genetic predisposition for a disorder may also have a genetic tendency to create environmental risk factors that promote the disorder

Question 15

What is the role of glutamate?

Answer 15

A neurotransmitter that excited many different neurons, leading to action

Question 16

What is an inverse agonist?

Answer 16

Chemical substance that produces effects oppostie those of a particular neurotrasmitter

Question 17

Explain learned helplessness theory

Answer 17

That people become anxious and depressed with they make an attribution that they have no control over the stress in their lives (whether or not they do in reality)

Question 18

The learned helplessness theory of depression is when?

Answer 18

depression is the result of percieved or real absence of control over the outcome of an undesirable situation

Question 19

An individual nerve cell responsible for transmitting information is called a ?

Answer 19

Neuron

Question 20

______- is the study of the nervous system and its role in behaviour, thoughts and emotions

Answer 20

Neuroscience

Question 21

Fill in the gaps

Neurotransmitters are chemicals that cross the _______ _____ between ____ ___ to transmit impulses from one ___ to the next.

Answer 21

Synaptic cleft, nerve cells, neuron

Question 22

Excess or deficiency of what is involved in several psychological disorders

Answer 22

Neurotransmitters

Question 23

The neurotransmitter norepinephrine is responsible for what?

Answer 23

controlling heart rate, blood pressure and respiration. Serves a role in alarm reaction. May contribute to panic attacks and other disorders (indirectly).

Question 24

The space between nerve cells where chemical transmitters act to move impulses from one neuron to the next is called the ?

Answer 24

Synaptic cleft

Question 25

Fill in the gaps

The end of a _____ where neurotransmitters are stored before release is called the ____ ___.

Answer 25

Axon, Terminal button

Question 26

The reuptake is the action by which a neurotransmitter is quickly drawn back into the discharging _____ after being released into a __ ______.

Answer 26

Neuron, synaptic cleft

Question 27

The neurotransmitter, serotonin is involved in ?

Answer 27

The processing of information and coordination of movement, inhibition and restraint. Assists in regulation of eating, sexual and aggressive behaviours.

Question 28

What are the 5 areas to consider when taking a multidimensional approach to understanding the cause of a disorder?

Answer 28

Biological, Behavioural, Emotional, Social, Developmental

Question 29

The Central Nervous System is comprised of?

Answer 29

The Brain and Spinal Cord

Question 30

What are the two types of cells called?

Answer 30

Neurons & Glia