Week 1, Chapter 2 Flashcards
Short periods of electrical activity at the membrane of a neuron, responsible for the transmission of signals with the neuron is called?
Action Potentials
Define ‘Affect’
Conscious, subjective aspect of an emotion that accompanies an action at a given time
The chemical substance that effectively increases the activity of a neurotransmitter by imitating its effects is called an _________?
Agonist
The chemical substance that decreases or blocks the effects of a neurotransmitter is called an ______?
Antagonist
What is the difference between an agonist and an antagonist?
An agonist increases the activity of a neurotransmitter and an antagonist decreases or blocks the effects of a neurotransmitter
The currents or neural pathways in the brain are called ___________?
Brain Circuits
What is the circumplex model of emotions?
A model describing different emotions as points in a 2-dimensional space of valance and arousal
What is the field of study called that examines how humans and other animals acquire, process, store, and retrieve information?
Cognitive science
What is the neurotransmitter “Dopamine” main function?
To activate other neurotransmitters and aid in the exploratory and pleasure seeking behaviours.
The study of factors other than inherited DNA sequence, such as new learning or stress, that alter the phenotypic expression of genes is called ?
Epigenetics
What is the name applied to developmental psychopathology principle that a behaviour or disorder may have several causes?
Equifinality
Explain the fight or flight response
Biological reaction to alarming stressors that muster the body’s resources to resist or flee threat
The neurotransmitter that reduces anxiety across the synapses and thus inhibits a range of beahviours and emotions (especially generalized anxiety) is called?
GABA - gamma-aminobutyric acid
What is the hypothesis of the gene-environment correlation model
Theory that people with a genetic predisposition for a disorder may also have a genetic tendency to create environmental risk factors that promote the disorder
What is the role of glutamate?
A neurotransmitter that excited many different neurons, leading to action
What is an inverse agonist?
Chemical substance that produces effects oppostie those of a particular neurotrasmitter
Explain learned helplessness theory
That people become anxious and depressed with they make an attribution that they have no control over the stress in their lives (whether or not they do in reality)
The learned helplessness theory of depression is when?
depression is the result of percieved or real absence of control over the outcome of an undesirable situation
An individual nerve cell responsible for transmitting information is called a ?
Neuron
______- is the study of the nervous system and its role in behaviour, thoughts and emotions
Neuroscience
Fill in the gaps
Neurotransmitters are chemicals that cross the _______ _____ between ____ ___ to transmit impulses from one ___ to the next.
Synaptic cleft, nerve cells, neuron
Excess or deficiency of what is involved in several psychological disorders
Neurotransmitters
The neurotransmitter norepinephrine is responsible for what?
controlling heart rate, blood pressure and respiration. Serves a role in alarm reaction. May contribute to panic attacks and other disorders (indirectly).
The space between nerve cells where chemical transmitters act to move impulses from one neuron to the next is called the ?
Synaptic cleft
Fill in the gaps
The end of a _____ where neurotransmitters are stored before release is called the ____ ___.
Axon, Terminal button
The reuptake is the action by which a neurotransmitter is quickly drawn back into the discharging _____ after being released into a __ ______.
Neuron, synaptic cleft
The neurotransmitter, serotonin is involved in ?
The processing of information and coordination of movement, inhibition and restraint. Assists in regulation of eating, sexual and aggressive behaviours.
What are the 5 areas to consider when taking a multidimensional approach to understanding the cause of a disorder?
Biological, Behavioural, Emotional, Social, Developmental
The Central Nervous System is comprised of?
The Brain and Spinal Cord
What are the two types of cells called?
Neurons & Glia
