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Human Reproduction > Week 4: Cervix > Flashcards

Week 4: Cervix Flashcards

1
Q

Cervical pathology basics

A

90% of cervical pathology falls into three categories

  1. Acute and chronic cervicitis
  2. endocervical polyps
  3. cervical epithelial abnormalities
    • squamous atypia
    • squamous dysplasia
    • carcinoma: Squamous cell and adenocarcinoma
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2
Q

Uterine anatomy

A
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3
Q

Cervix anatomy

A
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4
Q

Cervix anatomy

A
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5
Q

Cervical squamous epithelia

A
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6
Q

Cervical histology

A
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7
Q

Endocervical polyps

A
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8
Q

Endocervical polyps histology

A

Soft poft polyps with dilated glands and active stroma

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9
Q

Endocervical polyps epidemiology

A

benign inflammatory hyperplasia seen in 2-5% of women

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10
Q

Endocervical polyps gross histological features

A
  • Small to large (5cm) masses arising in the endocervix and protruding through os
  • Soft polyps with dilated glands and active stroma
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11
Q

What is Acute and chronic cervicitis

A
  • Cervical transformation zone undergoes changes at menarche with estrogen increase and exposure to acidic vaginal fluid
  • Endocervical glandular epithelium transformed to squamous epithelium: Squamous metaplasia
    • epithelium glycogenated; substrate for organisms
    • Acute and chronic inflammation increase
  • Cervix colonized by nonpathogenic bacteria
    • endogenous aerobes and anaerobes, lactobacilli, streptococci, staphylococci, enterococci, E. coli
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12
Q

Acute and chronic cervicitis uncommonly present pathogenic microorganisms

A
  • Chlamydia trachomatis
  • Neisseria gonorrhoeae
  • Mycoplasmas
  • HSV type 2
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13
Q

Acute and chronic cervicitis transmission

A

role in sexual transmission

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14
Q

Acute and chronic cervicitis complications

A

may ascend into uterus and beyond to cause PID

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15
Q

Complications of PID

A

Fertility problems and pregnancy complications such as ectopic pregnancy

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16
Q

Histology of Cervical transformation zone w/ squamous metaplasia

A
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17
Q

Histological features of chronic cervicitis

A
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18
Q

History of cervical cancer

A
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19
Q

The pap test as a screening test for cervical cancer

A
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20
Q

How good is the pap test for screening for cervical cancer?

A
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21
Q

Length of dysplasia to cervical cancer

A

long progression ~ 10 years

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22
Q

Ancillary tests to improve pap test effectiveness in screening for cervical cancer

A

eg HPV test

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23
Q

Performance of the Pap test

A
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24
Q

What type of cells should the vagina be?

A
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25
Q

what type of cells should be in the endocervical canal?

A
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26
Q

Pap test slide prep w/ normal pap test

A
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27
Q

Question 1

A
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28
Q

what is cervical dysplasia?

A
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29
Q

Histology of cervical dysplasia

A
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30
Q

What is cervical cancer?

A
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31
Q

Risk factors for cervical dysplasia and cervical cancer

8 listed

A
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32
Q

Cervical dysplasia and HPV

A
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33
Q

Who’s affected by HPV and cervical dysplasia

A
34
Q

Epidemiology of HPV and cervical cancer

A
35
Q

The male component of HPV infection

A
36
Q

Male HPV warts

A
37
Q

Male HPV warts

A
38
Q

What is the role of HPV in cervical dysplasias?

A
39
Q

Low risk HPV types

A

HPV types 6 and 11

40
Q

High risk HPV types

A

*HPV 16, 18, 31 and 45*

41
Q

HPV viral oncogenesis

A
42
Q

Features of cervical dysplasia

4 listed

A
43
Q

What is the viral cytopathic effect of HPV

A

alteration in cell architecture, shape and size due to HPV

44
Q

Normal pap test

A
45
Q

Abnormal pap tests

A
46
Q

Normal vs abnormal pap tests

A
47
Q

What is the Bethesda system?

A
48
Q

Paptest terminology

A
49
Q

Normal Pap vs LSIL

A
50
Q

LSIL pap test

A
51
Q

LSIL pap test

A
52
Q

HSIL pap test

A
53
Q

HSIL pap test

A
54
Q

HSIL pap test

A
55
Q

What is the follow-up of cervical dysplasias?

A
56
Q

HPV test

A
57
Q

Cervical opening anatomy

A
58
Q

Cervical opening and cervical biopsies

A
59
Q

LAST terminology for HPV-associated lesions: Tissue samples

A
60
Q

LAST terminology for HPV-associated lesions: Tissue samples

A
61
Q

LSIL gross histology

A
62
Q

HSIL gross histology

A
63
Q

LSIL histological features

A
64
Q

HSIL histological features

A
65
Q

Cervical cancer

A
66
Q

Cervical cancer gross histology

A
67
Q

Cervical cancer gross histology

A
68
Q

Cervical cancer histological features

A
69
Q

Cervical cancer histological features

A
70
Q

Endocervical adenocarcinoma

A
71
Q

Endocervical adenocarcinoma histology

A
72
Q

Endocervical adenocarcinoma histology

A
73
Q

HPV vaccine advances

A
74
Q

HPV vaccine

A
75
Q

HPV vaccine update

A
76
Q

HPV vaccine is recommended for?

A
77
Q

Primary HPV screening

A
78
Q

Treatment of Endocervical polyps

A

simple excision or curettage

79
Q

Most common form of cervical cancer?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

80
Q

Which types of HPV most likely progress to cancer

A

70% of cervical cancers are HPV 16 & 18

81
Q

HPV treatment

A

The HPV vaccine is 92% effective against getting the virus and 100% effective against persistent infection

Human Reproduction (40 decks)

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