Week 4 Ba, Punctuation, and Digits Flashcards
What is the general pronunciation rule for Ba at the end of a word?
If a word’s ultima is ba or bo without suffix, it’s pronounced wa or wo, usu. when previous syllable ends nga, ‘a, ra, or la
རེ་བ་
hope
re wa
(re ba)
དཔའ་བོ་
hero
pa wo
(dp’a bo)
རྒྱལ་བ་
victorious
gyel wa
(rgyal ba)
ཁམ་བུ་
peach
kham bu
(kham bu)
རབ་བི་རིབ་བི་
unclear
rab bi rib bi
(rab bi rib bi)
ས་བོན་
seed
sa bön
(sa bon)
སྣུམ་བན་
oil container
num ben
(snum ban)
Rule for Ba as root letter preceded by da
pronounced wa; but with vowel or subfix ya (bya) and ra (bra) the consonant is silent.
དབེན་པ།
isolation
en pa
(dben pa)
དབང་།
power
wang
(dbang)
དབྱིབས།
shape
yib
(dbyibs)
དབྱིངས།
sphere, dimension
ying
(dbyings)
དབུ་མ།
middle way
u ma
(dbu ma)
དབྱངས་ཅན།
Sarasvati
yang chen
(dbyangs can)
༡
གཅིག
chik (gcig)
one
༢
གཉིས
nyi (gnyis)
two
༣
གསུམ
sum (gsum)
three
༤
གཞི
zhi (gzhi)
four
༥
ལྔ
nga (lnga)
five
༦
དྲུག
druk (drug)
six
༧
བདུན
dün (bdun)
seven
༨
བརྒྱད
gyé (brgyad)
eight
༩
དགུ
gu (dgu)
nine
༠
ཀླད་ཀོར
lé kor (klad kor)
zero
།
shad
་
tsheg
used to separate words in longer passages of prose
shad
།
used to divide medium-length passages and conclude short ones
shad
།
following a ga in a line of verse, use ___
a single shad
།
use ___ in prose following a terminative particle or at the end of a line of verse
a double shad
། །
a ____is required at the end of a long section of text or chapter
a quadruple shad
། ། ། །
don’t write a tsheg between final letter and shad unless ____
the letter is nga
ང
