Week 4 Axial Skeleton Flashcards
Appendicular skeleton consists of what?
Bones from upper and lower limbs
Description of verticals Column
Curved structure of 26 irregular bones
Function of vertical column
Transmit weight to lower bones.
Surround and protect spinal cord.
Support head.
List the number of vertebrae in every section. Cervical vertebrae Thoracic vertebrae Lumbar vertebrae Sacrum Coccyx
7 vertebrae of the neck 12 vertebrae of the thoracic vertebrae 5 vertebrae of the lower back 5 vertebrae of sacrum 2-4 coccyx
If a back is to concave or convex which vertebrae safe effected
Concave- Cervical and lumbar
Convex- Thoratic and sacral
Axial skeleton involves which bones?
Skull Bones
3 Abnormal curvatures of the spine
Scholiosis - Left right lean
Lordosis - Forward Lean
Kyphosis - Backward lean
2 Type of cushion like pads are
Nucleus pulposus - Inner gelatinous nucleus that gives the disc its elasticity and compressibility
Anulus fibrosus - Outer collar composed of collagen and fibrocartilage
4 parts that make up the general structure of the vertebrae
Body or centrum - Anterior weight-bearing region
Vertebral arch - Composed of pedicles and laminae that, along with centrum, enclose vertebral foramen
Vertebral foramina -Together make up vertebral canal for spinal
Intervertebral foramina - Lateral openings between adjacent vertebrae for spinal nerves
Atlas C1 characteristics (3)
No body or spinous process
Consists of anterior and posterior arches, and two lateral masses
Superior surfaces of lateral masses articulate with the occipital condyles
Axis C2 characteristics (2)
Dens projects superiorly into the anterior arch of the atlas
Form a pivot joint known as the atlanto-axis joint
Thoratic vertebrea characteristics (4)
- T1 to T12
- All articulate with ribs at facets and demifacets
- Long spinous process
- Location of articular facets allows rotation of this area of spine
Lumbar vertebrea characteristics (4)
- L1 to L5
- Short, thick pedicles and laminae
- Flat hatchet-shaped spinous processes
- Orientation of articular facets locks lumbar vertebrae together so as to prevent rotation
Characteristics of sacrum (2)
Consists of 5 fused vertebrae (S1–S5)
Forms posterior wall of pelvis
Characteristics of coccyx (2)
Tailbone
3–5 fused vertebrae
The thoratic cage is formed by what 4 things?
Sternum
Ribs
Costal cartilages
Thoracic vertebrae
0Function of the theoretic cage is what? (3)
Enclose and protect the organs in the thoracic and abdominal cavities
Provide support for the bones of the upper limbs
Play a role in breathing
Rib pairs 1-7 are…
True ribs
Attach directly to the sternum by individual costal cartilages
Rib pairs 8-12 are…
False ribs
Pairs 11–12 also called vertebral (floating) ribs
The sternum consists of what three fused bones?
Manubrium, Body, Xiphoid process
The structure of a rib consists of what 4 things?
Head of the rib
Neck
Tubercle
Shaft
What is the total number of skull bones and what two categories are they in?
22 total.
Cranial bones- Eight cranial bones form the cranial cavity
Facial bones-Fourteen facial bones form the face
5 Functions of the skull are
- Framework of the face
- They contain cavities for the special sense organs
- Provide the main opening to the external environment (for food and air)
- Secure the teeth
- Anchor facial muscles to the face
6 Type of cranial bones are…
Frontal bone Parietal bones (2) Occipital bone Temporal bones (2) Sphenoid bone Ethmoid bone
List the 4 sutures with location info
Coronal suture—between parietal bones and frontal bone
Sagittal suture—between right and left parietal bones
Lambdoid suture—between parietal bones and occipital bone
Squamous (squamosal) sutures—between parietal and temporal bones on each side of skull
Early fusion of sutures is known as…
Craniosyostosis
The 5 Facial bones are…
Nasal Bones -Form the bridge of the nose
Maxillae- Form the upper jawbone
Zygomatic Bones- commonly called cheekbones, form the prominences of the cheeks
Mandible- Lower jawbone
Nasal Septum- Divides the interior of the nasal cavity into right and left sides
