Week 4 Flashcards
What is athersclerosis?
When soft fatty plaque deposits build up and become hard in the vascular system.
What is the early lesion stage of CAD?
Endothelial scaring. Caused by chronic hypertension, smoking, hyperhomoglysoema, diabetes, infections, toxins, damage endothelium.
What is the result of collagen build up?
Fatty streak accumulates and moves to smooth muscle. Can start as early as 15-25 yrs old.
What is the fibrous plaque stage of CAD?
Collagen covers fatty streak, where lumen narrows, decreases blood flow, no longer reversible.
What is the complicated stage of CAD?
Plaque ruptures, thrombus formation and further narrowing of the vessels. Can result in total occlusion of the vessel and inflammation response.
What is chronic stable angina?
reversible and temp myocardial ischemia. O2 demand is greater than the O2 supply due to fatty streak decreased blood flow.
- Intermitent over long period for some duration, severity and onset.
What diagnostic tests are used for chronic stable angina?
EKG- look for ST segment depression.
Lipid studies, health history, chest x-ray, stress test, echo.
What are the treatments for chronic unstable angina?
Cardiac catherization, coronary angiograph, stent and balloon angioplasty, CABG
What is a non-ST-segment elevation?
Heart attack with partial/ full blockage.
what is acute coronary syndrome?
Prolonged decreased O2, results in unstable angina with either non/ full ST segment MI.
What is unstable angina?
change in stable angina pattern. Ie. at rest, new pain, or increase in incidence, medical emergency.
What is an MI?
20 min of full blockage, irreversible myocardial cell death that needs to be treated. Heart wall will die within 5-6 hrs without treatment.
What happens to the SNS during a MI?
Stress response, increased glycogen, diaphoresis, vasoconstriction, clammy skin.
What are some complications from of an MI?
Dysrhythmias, HF, dresslers syndrome, serum cardiac markers.
what cardiac markers are most important?
Troponin, myoglobin, CK-MB. Shows evidence of muscle destruction.
Symptoms of Chronic stable angina?
Acute pain, decreased CO, anxiety, activity intolerance, ineffective health management.
What is collateral circulation?
The development of new arteries and the presence of chronic ischemia. New coronary arteries form around the blockage.
What are risk factors for chronic stable angina?
Men, age, white people, genetic predisposition, elevated triglycerides, diabetes, tobacco use, hypertension, physical inactivity, depression, anger, stress, elevated weight circumference, elevated homocystein levels, unhealthy diet, metabolic syndrome, illicit drugs.
What are some treatments of chronic stable angina?
Prevention, physical activity, mediteranean diet, drugs that restric lipoprotein production, drugs that increased lipoprotein removal.
What is variant angina?
Response from a spasm of the coronary artery of chest pain. Increases demand of O2, strong concentration of smooth muscle in coronary artery.
What is coronary revascularization?
Intervention to restore blood flow to the affected myocardium. Used for those in critical conditions, diabetes patients, failed PCI. Has longer benefits with CABG, than PCI.
