Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NURS 2003 > Week 3 > Flashcards

Week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

___/___ of fluid is intracellular. ___/___ is extracellular.

A

2/3 ; 1/3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are some signs and symptoms of fluid deficit?

A 
Decreased turgor
Dry bucal area
Decreased UO
Increased BUN and creatinine
Increased HR, RR, temp
Decreased BP
Decreased weight
Thrist
Dry/cracked mucous membranes
Dizziness
Syncope
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the S/S of excess fluid volume?

A 
Weight gain
Edema
Crackles
Dyspnea
Cough
Orthopnea
Bounding pulse
Distension of vessels
Decreased BUN/Creatinine
Increased BP, RR, HR
Headache
S3 gallop
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where do electrolytes move towards?

A

They move towards decreased concentrations, opposite charge and their concentration gradient.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is facilitated diffusion?

A

Via a passive protein carrier.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

_____ is passive with concentration gradient.

A

Diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What form of diffusion uses the sodium/potassium pumo?

A

Active transport.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is osmology?

A

Solute to water ratio. osmotic force per unit weight of solvent or the conc. of molecules per weight of water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is an isotonic solution?

A

Equal solute, equal water. Normal Saline, LR.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a hypertonic solution?

A

Less water than solute. 3% NS, 5% NS. (used to treat cerebral edema) used to pull water from the cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a hypotonic solution?

A

More water than solute. 1/2 NS. D5W. Used to push water into the cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the normal range of pH in the blood?

A

7.35 to 7.45. Measured by H+ concentration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does the body usually regulate acids?

A

Neutralized by bicarb, regulated by the kidneys.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the normal CO2 level?

A

45-35.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the normal HCO3 level?

A

22-26.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is hydrostatic pressure?

A

Force within the fluid compartment on the walls, like BP on the blood vessels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is oncotic pressure?

A

Osmotic pressure extended by colloids in a solution, main contributor is protein.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is hypothalamic regulation?

A

When plasma osmolarity is sensed to be off by the hypothalamic osmoreceptors. Stimulate the release of ADH for thirst, inducing water reabsorption. Once restored they stop releasing ADH.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is pituitary regulation?

A

When the posterior pituitary gland releases ADH under the control of the hypothalamus for more water retention. When it is uneccesarily secreted, water retention occurs. Increases urine osmolality.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is adrenal cortical regulation?

A

EFV control influenced by hormonal factors to regulate electrolytes and water through GLUCOCORTICOIDS and MINERALCORTICOIDS.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are glucocorticoids?

A

Anti-inflammatory components and increase serum glucose levels. Crotisol in large doses act as both glu and min.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are mineralcorticoids?

A

Enhance sodium retention and potassium excretion such as aldosterone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is renal regulation?

A

Kidneys play a key role in electrolyte and water regulation. Filter and excrete wastes and water to produce urine.

24
Q

What is caridac regulation?

A

Atrial Natriuretic Factor released by the atria to increase atrial pressure and high sodium serum levels to increase sodium and water excretion.

25
Q

What is Gastro-Intestinal Regulation?

A

Water is mostly consumed and processed through the body, chooses to excrete the excess water intake.

26
Q

What is insensible water loss?

A

Defined by invisible evaporation of water from the lungs to the skin where also it increases the excretion from the increase in metabolic waste.

27
Q

What is hypernatremia?

A

Excess sodium that cannot be maintained by excreting sodium, from extreme water loss where water shifts out of the cells, killing them.

28
Q

What is the treatment for hypernatremia?

A

Rapid fluid replacement using isotonic solutions.

29
Q

What are the symptoms of hypernatremia?

A 
Fever and flushed skin
Restlessness
Increased fluid retention
Edema and extreme confusion
Decreased urine output and dry mouth
30
Q

What is hyponatremia?

A

Low serum sodium, occuring from loss of sodium, fluids leave the cells leading to cellular edema. Can be caused by IV hypotonic solutions.

31
Q

what are treatments for hyponatremia?

A

Fluid restriction, hypertonic IV solutions.

32
Q

What is euvolemic hypernatremia?

A

Water increase, but salt doesn’t.

33
Q

What is hypovolemic natremia?

A

dehydration due to excessive fluid loss.

34
Q

What is hypervolemic natremia?

A

Sodium is diluted due to increased sodium and water, but more water than Na.

35
Q

What are the symptoms of hyponatremia?

A 
Seizures and stupor
Ab cramps, altered mental state
Lethargy
Tendon reflexes decreased
Loss of appetite
Orthostatic hypertension
Shallow resps
Spasms of muscles.
36
Q

What is hyperkalemia?

A

High serum levels of K+. Cause by high K+ intake, impaired renal function, fluid shift to ECF, or combo with metabolic acidosis.

37
Q

What are the treatment options for hyperkalemia?

A

Nutritional therapy, increase K+ excretion, IV insulin, admin calcium gluconate IV.

38
Q

What are the symptoms of hyperkalemia?

A 
Muscle weakness
Urine production low
Resp failure due to muscles
Diminished cardiac contractibility
Early signs of muscle cramps
Rhythm changes
39
Q

What is hypokalemia?

A

Low serum levels of K+, from loss of excretion, deficient K+ intake, diarrhea, laxative abuse, vomiting, ileostomy drainage.

40
Q

What are some treatments for hypokalemia?

A

Admin KCl, increase K in diet.

41
Q

What are the symptoms of hypokalemia?

A 
Lethargic
Low shallow resps
Loss of urine
Lethal cardiac changes
Leg cramps
Limp muscles
Low BP and HR.
42
Q

What is hypercalcemia?

A

High serum Ca. Caused by hyperparathyroidism and cancers.

43
Q

What is the treatment for hypercalcemia?

A

Adim loop diuretic and hydration from IV saline.

44
Q

What are the symptoms of hypercalcemia?

A 
Confusion
Hyperactive reflexes
Arrhythmias
Muscle Cramps
Positive trousseaus
Sign of Chvoski's
45
Q

What is hypocalcemia?

A

low serum Ca. Decrease in PTH from damage to parathyroid which increases blood pH.

46
Q

What is the treatment of hypocalcemia?

A

change in diet, correct cause, Ca infussion, solutions and supplements.

47
Q

What are the symptoms of hypocalcemia?

A 
Confusion
Hyperactive reflexes
Arryhthmias
Muscle spasms
Positive trousseaus
Sign of chvostkis
48
Q

What is hypophosphatemia?

A

Low serum phosphate. Caused by. malnourishment, alcohol withdrawal, poor O2 delivery.

49
Q

What is hyperphosphatemia?

A

High serum phosphate, result of chemotherapy. Causes neuro-muscular irritability. Treat underlying cause, and change diet.

50
Q

What is hypermagnesemia?

A

High serum mag. CAused by increased intake and renal insufficiency.

51
Q

What are the symptoms of hypermagnesemia?

A 
Lethargic
EKG changes
Tendon reflexes diminished
Hypotension
Arrhythmias
Resp arrests
GI issues
Impaired breathing
Cardiac arrest
52
Q

What is hypomagnesemia?

A

Low serum mag. Caused by poor diet, GI problems, fasting, similar to hypocalcemia.

53
Q

What are the symptoms of hypomagnesemia?

A 
Trouseaus +
Weak resps
Irritable
Trouseaus +
Cardiac changes
Hypertension
Involuntary movements
Nausea
GI issues
54
Q

What is hyperproteinaemia?

A

Caused by high protien levels, rare. Dehydration symptoms

55
Q

What is hypoproteinemia?

A

Caused by decreased food intake, starvation, diseased liver, massive burns, loss of albumin.

56
Q

What are the S and S of hypoproteinemia?

A

Edema, slow healing, anorexia, fatigue, anemia, low BP, muscle loss.

57
Q

What are the interventions for hypoproteinemia?

A

High protein diet, increase carb intake, vitamins.

NURS 2003 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions