Week 12

Question 1

What is a primary headache?

Answer 1

Has no organic cause, includes tension type headaches, migraines, cluster headaches.

Question 2

What are secondary headaches?

Answer 2

Caused by another condition or disorder, like sinus infection or stroke.

Question 3

What is a migraine headache?

Answer 3

Characterized by a unilateral throbbing pain, a triggering event, and manifestations associated with neurological and autonomic nervous system dysfunctions.

Question 4

What is the patho and etio of migraine headaches?

Answer 4

The current theory is a complex of neuro-vascular events cause them. People w/ migraines have a state of neuronal hyper-excitability in the cerebral cortex.

Question 5

What are migraines associated with?

Answer 5

Seizure disorder, ischemic stroke, asthma, depression, anxiety, MI, raynauds syndrome, and IBS.

Question 6

What are some triggers of migraine headaches?

Answer 6

Dietary factors, menstratuon, head trauma, physical exertion, fatigue, stress, weather and drugs.

Question 7

What are auras?

Answer 7

Neurological symptoms like visual field defects, tingling, burning sensations, paresthesias, motor dysfunction, dizziness, confusion, and loss of consciousness.

Question 8

What are some clinical manifestations that occur in migraines without auras?

Answer 8

Generalized edema, irritability, pallor, nausea, vomiting, sweating.

Question 9

What are prodrome signs?

Answer 9

Happen before a migraine, include psychic distrubances, GI upset, changes in fluid balance.

Question 10

How are migraines diagnosed?

Answer 10

Pt Hx.

Question 11

What are tension-type headaches?

Answer 11

Characterized by bilateral location and pressing or tightening quality. Can have mild or moderate intensity. May last min to days.

Question 12

What is the etio/patho of tension type headaches?

Answer 12

May be caused by neuro-vascular factors, similar to migraines.

Question 13

What are the CM of tension headaches?

Answer 13

Usually bilateral frontal-occipital headache, described as dull, constant, pressure, with neck and muscle tension. No prodrome, not aggravated by physical activity.

Question 14

What are cluster headaches?

Answer 14

Rare form of headache, involv repeated headaches that occur for weeks to months at a time.

Question 15

What is the etio/patho for cluster headaches?

Answer 15

Not fully known, Trigeminal nervve is involved, involves the dysfunction of the intracranial blood vessels, SNS, pain modulation systems.

Question 16

What are possible triggers of cluster headaches?

Answer 16

Beer, caffeine, histamines, nicotine, bright lights.

Question 17

What are the CM of cluster headaches?

Answer 17

Intense, stabbing pain that is ipsilateral in nature. Swelling around the eyes, lacrimation, flushing, rhinitis, pallor, constriction of the pupils. Headaches occur regularly, at the same time each day during the same seasons. Clusters last 2 to 3 months.

Question 18

What are some treatments for migraine headaches?

Answer 18

Anti-enemic, NSAIDs, triptans, relaxation therapy, CBT< antidepressants, treat the cause.

Question 19

What are some treatments for tenstion type headaches?

Answer 19

Analgesic combos, NSAIDs, acupuncture, antidepressants, biofeedback, muscle relaxation training, physiotherapy.

Question 20

What are some treatments for cluster headaches?

Answer 20

O2, sympatholytic agents, triptans, anticonvulsants, antimanic agents, melatonin, physiotherapy.