Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NURS 2031 > Week 4 > Flashcards

Week 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is basic research?

A

answering research questions and expand nursing knowledge.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is applied research?

A

solve clinical problems, goal is to improve the patients health condition.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does design involve?

A

A PLAN, a STRUCTURE, a STRATEGY.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the overall purpose of research design?

A

aid in the solution of research problems and maintain control.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the control?

A

the measures that the researcher uses to hold the conditions of the study uniform and avoid possible impingement of bias on the dependent variables or outcome.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is objectivity?

A

the use of facts without distortion by personal feelings or bias.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What should the literature review reflect?

A
  • When the problem was studied
  • The aspects of the problem that were studied
  • Where the problem was investigated
  • The gaps or inconsistencies in the literature
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is accuracy?

A

all aspects of the study systematically and logically follow from the research problem. Accomplished through the theoretical framework and review of the literature.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a pilot study?

A

A small, simple study conducted as a prelude to a larger study.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is feasibility?

A

The capability of the study to be successfully carried out.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is an extraneous variable?

A

interferes with the operations of the phenomena being studied.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does controlling extraneous variables include?

A
  • use of homogenous sample
  • Use of consistent data-collection procedures.
  • manipulation of the independent variable
  • Randomization
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is homogeniety?

A

similarity with regard to the extraneous variables relevant to the particular study.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does consistency refer to?

A

to the ability of the data-collection design to hold conditions of the study to a cookbook like recipe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does manipulation refer to?

A

the administration of a program, treatment, or intervention to only one group within the study but not to the other participants in the study.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is blinding?

A

a technique used in experimental and quasi-experimental research in which the participants are not aware of whether they are receiving the intervention.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is double blinding?

A

a technique in which both the researchers and the participants are not aware of who is receiving the intervention and who is in the control group.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is randomization?

A

sampling selection procedure in which each participant in the population has an equal chance of being in either group.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is exploratory design?

A

researcher is interested in describing or categorizing a phenomenon in a group of individuals. Used when a researcher wants to explore an area in which little or no literature exists.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is internal validity?

A

degree to which the experimental treatment, not an uncontrolled condition, resulted in the observed effect. To establish, researcher rules out other factors or threats as rival explanations of the relationship between the variables.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are threats to internal validity?

A

history threats, maturation effects, testing effect, instrumentation threats, attrition, and selection bias.

22
Q

What is a historical threat?

A

a specific event may affect the dependent variable, either inside or outside the experimental setting.

23
Q

What is maturation?

A

refers to the developmental, biological or psychological process that operate within an individual as a function of time, these processes are external to the events of the investigation.

24
Q

What is the testing effect?

A

the effect on the participant’s posttest score as the result of having taken a pretest.

25
Q

What are instrumentation threats?

A

changes in the variables or observational techniques that may account for changes in the obtained measurement.

26
Q

What is mortality?

A

the loss of study participants from the first-data collection point (pretest), to the second data-collection point (posttest). The loss of participants may be from the sample as a whole, or more participants drop out from one group more than the other.

27
Q

What is selection bias?

A

the threat to internal validity that arises when pretreatment differences exist between the experimental group and the control group.

28
Q

What is external validity?

A

concerns the generalizability of an investigations findings to additional populations and to other environmental conditions. Goal of the researcher is to select a design that maximizes both internal and external validity. Selection effects, reactive effects, measurement effects all threaten external validity.

29
Q

What are selection effects?

A

concerns the generalizability of the results to other populations, happens when a researcher cannot attain the ideal sample population.

30
Q

What is the reactivity effect?

A

the participants responses to being studied. Participants may behave a certain way with the investigator because of an independent response to being studied, not because of the investigator. Known as the Hawthorne Effect.

31
Q

What is the measurement effect?

A

admin of a pretest in a study affects the generalizability of the findings to other populations.

32
Q

What does design invovle?

A

a plan, a structure and a strategy which guide the researchers in writing hypothesis, conducting the project, and analyzing and evaluating the data.

33
Q

What are experimental designs suitable for?

A

testing cause-and-effect relationships because they eliminate potential alternative explanations.

34
Q

What does inferring causality require?

A
  • the causal variable and effect variable must be associated with each other.
  • The cause must precede the effect.
  • The relationship must not be explainable by another variable.
35
Q

What are the characteristics of experimental design?

A
  • Randomization
  • Control
  • Manipulation
36
Q

What is quasi-experimental design?

A

randomization not used, but independent variable manipulated, and certain aspects of control used.

  • Nonequivalent control group design
  • After-only nonequivalent control group design
  • One group pretest-posttest design
  • Time series design
37
Q

What are experimental designs?

A
  • True experimental design (pretest, posttest, control group)
  • Solomon four design
  • After-only design
38
Q

What is experiment?

A

scientific investigation that makes observations and collects data according to explicit criteria.

39
Q

What is true experiment?

A

pretest-posttest control group design, or classic experiment. Has all 3 ID properties.

40
Q

What is the best research design?

A

RCT considered best research design.

41
Q

What is randomization?

A

involves assignment of participants to either experimental or control group on a purely random basis. Minimizes variance and decreases selection bias.

42
Q

What is control?

A

refers to the introduction of one or more constants into the experimental situation.

43
Q

What is manipulation?

A

the difference of how the treatment is provided.

44
Q

What is the antecedent variable?

A

occurs before the study but may affect the dependent variable the confound the results. (age, gender, socioeconomic status, health status)

45
Q

What is the intervening variable?

A

condition that occurs during the course of the study and is not apart of the study, the intervening variable affects the dependent variable and can affect the study outcomes.

46
Q

What is the solomon four group design?

A

consists of two groups that are identical to those used in the classic experimental design plus tow additional groups, an experimental after-group and a control after-group.

47
Q

What is a posttest-only control group design?

A

composed of two randomly assigned groups, but in contrast to the true experimental design, neither group is given a pretest or other measures.

48
Q

What is optimal design?

A

is driven by research, has an available population for study, resources, fits with current state of research.

49
Q

What is bias?

A

distortion of results that isn’t a true reflection of what is being investigated.

50
Q

How is maximizing control accomplished?

A
  • homogenous sampling
  • holding conditions of study constant
  • manipulation of independent variable
  • masking/blinding
  • randomization
51
Q

What are the 3 criterea for establishing cause and effect?

A
  • Casual variable and effect variable must be associated with each other.
  • Cause must precede the effect
  • Relationship must not be explained by another variable

NURS 2031 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions