Week 2 Flashcards
What is critical thinking?
The rational examination of ideas, inferences, assumptions, principles, arguments, conclusions, issues, statements, beliefs and actions
What is critical reading?
an active intellectual process in which the reader participates in an inner dialogue with the writer.
What is critique?
The process of critical appraisal in which a person objectively and critically evaluates a research report’s content for scientific validity or merit and application to practice.
What is critiquing criteria?
Standards, appraisals guides, or questions used to judge an article.
What is an abstract?
Short, comphrensive synopsis. Includes the main points of a study
What is reliability?
refers to the consistency or constancy of the measuring tool.
What is validity?
describes whether the measuring tool actually measures the correct phenomenon.
What is systematic review?
Essentially an analysis of the available literature and a judgement of the effectiveness or otherwise of a practice involving a series of complex steps.
What is the preliminary reading for?
skimming, getting used to the article
What is the comprehensive reading for?
understanding the researchers purpose or intent.
What is the analysis reading for?
understanding the parts of the study.
What is the synthesis reading for?
understanding the whole article and each step of the research in the study.
What are the 3 domains of study?
Quantity, Quality, Consistency.
What is the quality domain of study?
the extent to which a study’s design implementation and analysis minimizes bias.
What is the quantity domain of study?
the number of studies in which research question has been evaluated, including overall sample size across studies, and strength from findings in data analysis.
What is the consistency domain of study?
the degree to which similar findings are reported from investigations of the same research question in studies that have similar and different designs.
What is the problem statement?
generated from situations and problems that occur in practice.
What is the research question?
Presents the idea that is to be examined in the study and is the foundation of the research study.
What is a variable?
something that varies.
What is the independent variable?
(X), the variable that has the presumed effect on the dependent variable.
What is the dependent variable?
(Y), referred to as the consequence or the presumed effect that varies with a change in the independent variable.
What is a population?
A well defined set that has certain properties.
What is a purpose?
Encompasses the aims the investigator hopes to achieve with the research.
What is a hypothesis?
statement about the relationship between two or more variables that suggests an answer to the research question.
What is testability?
the variables of the study must lend themselves to observation, measurement, and analysis.
What is the research hypothesis?
consists of statements about the expected relationship of the variables. Indicates the expected outcome.
What is the statistical hypothesis?
there is no relationship between the independent and dependent variables.
What is the directional hypothesis?
specifies the expected direction of the relationship between the independent and dependent variables.
What is the nondirectional hypothesis?
indicates the existence of a relationship between the variables, does not specify the anticipated direction of the relationship.
What are the components of PICOT?
a) Population
b) Intervention
c) Comparison
d) Outcome
e) Time
What are the 3 consumer elements for Clinical Question Development?
a) The situation
B) the intervention
C) the outcome
What are the 3 characteristics for research questions?
- Variables are clearly identified.
- Population is specific.
- Empirical testing is implied.
What does the directional hypothesis do?
- Indicate a theory base used to derive the hypothesis and the phenomena under investigation have been critically examined and interrelated.
- Provide a specific theoretical frame of reference within the study being conducted.
- Suggests the researcher believes the evidence is indicative of a particular outcome.
What is the ‘reject’ null hypothesis?
equivalent to accepting research/ alternate hypothesis.
What is the ‘fail to reject’ hypothesis?
equivalent to accepting null hypothesis, no relationship.
What are non-experimental designs?
- Descriptive Questions: ID key features of a group, looking at prevalence/incidence rates, [describe or explore]
- Relationship/correlational questions: the degree to which 2 or more variables are associated or related [is their a relationship between]
What are experimental designs?
Difference/comparative questions: how individuals in one group may be different from another group on an outcome. [compare, test, predict]
