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Computer Networking (Course 2)(Google Cert) > Week 4 > Flashcards

Week 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Domain Name System (DNS)

A

A global and highly distributed network service that resolves strings of letters into IP addresses for you

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2
Q

Domain name

A

Term used for something that can be resolved by DNS

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3
Q

What are the five primary types of DNS servers?

A 
Caching name servers 
Recursive name servers
Root name servers 
TLD name servers 
Authoritative name servers
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4
Q

Caching and recursive name servers

A

Purpose is to store known domain name lookups for a certain amount of time

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5
Q

Recursive name servers

A

Perform full DNS resolution requests

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6
Q

TTL (Time to live)

A

A value, in seconds, that can be configured by the owner of a domain name for how long a name server is allowed to cache an entry before it should discard it and perform a full resolution again

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7
Q

Steps of a full recursive resolution

A
  1. Recursive name server contacts a root name server (there’s 13 authority root servers in total)
  2. Root server responds with the TLD name that should be queried
  3. Then the recursive name server contacts an appropriate TLD server
  4. TLD server responds with the authoritative name server the recursive name server should contact
  5. The recursive name server contacts the given name server
  6. The name server gives the IP of the website being looked up
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8
Q

Anycast

A

A technique that’s used to route traffic to different destinations depending on factors like location, congestion, or link health

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9
Q

Does the DNS lookup use UDP or TCP?

A

UDP

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10
Q

An A Record

A

Used to point a certain domain name at a certain IPv4 IP address

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11
Q

CNAME record

A

Used to redirect traffic from one domain name to another

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12
Q

Mail exchange

A

Used to direct email to the correct server

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13
Q

TLD

A

Top level domain

Last part of a domain name

.com
.org
And so on

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14
Q

Domain

A

Used to refer to the second part of a domain name

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15
Q

Subdomain

A

A.K.A the host name

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16
Q

Fully qualified domain name

A

When you combine the subdomain, domain, and TLD together

17
Q

Registrar

A

A company with an agreement with ICANN that allows them to sell unregistered domain names

18
Q

How many levels can DNS support in a fully qualified domain name?

A

127

19
Q

DNS zones

A

Allow for easier control over multiple levels of a domain

20
Q

Zone files

A

Simple configuration files that declare all resource records for a particular zone

21
Q

Start of Authority (SOA)

A

Declares the zone and the name of the name server that is authoritative for it

22
Q

NS records

A

Indicate other name servers that might also be responsible for this zone

23
Q

Reverse lookup zone files

A

These let DNS resolves ask for an IP and get the FQDN associated with it returned

24
Q

Pointer resource record

A

Resolves an IP to a name

25
Q

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

A

An application layer protocol that automates the configuration process of hosts in a network

26
Q

Dynamic Allocation

A

A range of IP addresses is set aside for client devices and one of these IPs is issued to these devices when they request one

27
Q

Automatic allocation

A

A range of IP addresses is set aside for assignment purposes

28
Q

Fixed allocation

A

Requires a manually specified list of MAC addresses and their corresponding IPs

29
Q

Network time protocol (NTP) servers

A

Used to keep all computers on a network synchronized in time

30
Q

DHCP discovery

A

The process by which a client configured to use DHCP attempts to get network configuration information

31
Q

4 steps of DHCP discovery

A
  1. Server discovery broadcast
  2. DHCP Server sends an IP offer
  3. Client sends a request to say it would like that IP address given in the offer
  4. Server sends an acknowledgement back to the client

Now the client has an IP address

32
Q

What ‘re the port numbers of an “IP-less” client and the DHCP server?

A

68 for the source and 67 for the destination

33
Q

Network Access Translation

A

A technique that translates one IP address into another.

It allows a gateway, usually a router or firewall, to rewrite the source IP of an outgoing IP datagram while retaining the original IP in order to rewrite it into the response.

34
Q

Port preservation

A

A technique where the same port a client uses, the router uses when using NAT to mask the client IP

35
Q

Port forwarding

A

A technique where specific destination ports can be configured to always be delivered to specific nodes

36
Q

Virtual Private Network

A

A technology that allows for the extension of a private or local network to hosts that might not be on that local network

37
Q

Proxy service

A

A server that acts on behalf of a client in order to access another service

38
Q

Reverse Proxy

A

A service that might appear to be a single server to external clients, but actually represents many servers living behind it.

Computer Networking (Course 2)(Google Cert) (6 decks)

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