Week 4 Flashcards
(39 cards)
1
Q
Psychodynamics
A
- Based on the idea that the unconscious motivates and influences behaviour
- Sees personality and behaviour as being based on dynamic conflicts between unconscious and conscious psychological forces
2
Q
Sigmund Freud
A
- One of the most influential and famous theorists
- Invented psychoanalysis
- As he couldn’t find an explanation for his patients psychiatric symptoms within the physical nervous system, he concluded that it must be the mind at work, and as couldn’t control their symptoms, it must be the unconscious mind
3
Q
Psychoanalysis
A
- Thoughts, feelings and motives that provoke fear or anxiety are repressed/ pushed out of consciousness
- Conscious and unconscious motives work in parallel
- Psychoanalysts attempt to make you aware of what is going on in the unconscious mind so you can understand the motivation for you behaviour
4
Q
The Freudian Mind
A
- Divided mental processes into three factions; the id, the ego and the superego
5
Q
Conscious Mind
A
- What we are immediately aware of i.e. being in the lecture hall at this precise time
6
Q
Preconscious Mind
A
What we can bring into the conscious mind i.e. where we were at 9am last Thursday
7
Q
Unconscious Mind
A
Outside of the range of what is potentially available; contains material that is kept repressed but still impacts on our behaviour
8
Q
The ID
A
- Governed by the “pleasure principle” i.e. driven by primal urges such as sex and hunger
- The engine of personality i.e. the energy source for the whole system
- Seeks immediate gratification of needs, regardless of logic reasoning or consequences
- The infants mind is all id
9
Q
Ego
A
- Negotiates a balance between the urges of the id and the demands of the real world
- It is governed by considerations of safety and its task is the preservation of the organism
- Ego is moral but not pragmatic; its primary aim is to satisfy the id
- Ensures needs are met on a rational level
10
Q
Superego
A
- Internalised representation of the rule giver i.e. parent
- Constrained by socially constructed morals and standards that have become a part of the internal world of the individual in the course of the development of personality
11
Q
Age of Development of Freudian Mind
A
7
12
Q
Dreams
A
- A dream is the dreamers unconscious effort to fulfil a wish that could not be expressed more directly
- Analysts tasked with discovering the hidden secrets underneath the surface content of a dream.
- The dreamer should experience some resistance to true meaning
13
Q
Manifest Content
A
The dream the way the dreamer remembers it
14
Q
Latent Content
A
- What the dream symbolises
- It is the material that has been disguised to protect the dreamer from confronting a conflict directly
15
Q
Free Association
A
- The client is encouraged to say anything and everything that comes to mind regardless of how rational/ irrational it may appear to be
- Sometimes the therapist prompts the process by providing certain words as stimuli
- Therapist searches for certain themes
16
Q
Freud’s Interpretation of Anxiety
A
- The consequence of continuous struggle between id impulses seeking to release inhibitions or restraining forces against them
17
Q
Defence Mechanisms
A
- How the ego works to cope with anxiety
- Hide people’s motivations and conflicts from themselves and other
18
Q
Repression
A
Keeping painful memories in the unconscious
19
Q
Denial
A
- Refusing to admit reality
- Okay in children but is serious in adults and can indicate psychosis
20
Q
Projection
A
- Attributing your own unacceptable feelings to someone else
21
Q
Reaction Formation
A
- The person acts the direct opposite of their true feelings i.e. appearing nice to someone you hate
22
Q
Rationalisation
A
- Attempting to justify one’s own behaviour with socially acceptable terminology
- i.e. treating someone bad because they need to be punished
23
Q
Sublimination
A
- Redirection of energies into socially acceptable and beneficial activities
- i.e. writing a song
- Positive behaviour
24
Q
Displacement
A
- Taking your feelings out on someone/ something else
25
Hypochondriasis
- A searching for sympathy by creating/ exaggerating illnesses
- Symbol of yearning for sympathy and to be taken care of
26
Sarcasm
Ventilating hostility through critical jokes
27
Passive Aggressive Behaviour
- Seeking revenge by socially acceptable means i.e. pouting and stubbornness
28
Regression
Masking feelings of awkwardness by reverting to emotional immaturity i.e. using childish talk
29
Compensation
An attempt to "make- up" for feelings of inadequacy
30
Carl Jung
- Student of Freud
- Became a dissenter and developed his own theory
31
The Collective Unconscious
- We all have a collective repertoire that effects our personality
- Searched for these archetypes in other cultures to proves their universality
32
Archetypes
- Emotionally charged images and thought forms that have universal meaning
- i.e. good/ bad, public/ private, male/ female
33
Jung VS Freud Theory
- Freud saw people as being driven by impulses and striving to satisfy deep sexual and aggressive urges
- Jung broadened this concept to include goals and strivings
34
Alfred Adler
- Argued Freud placed too much emphasis on sexual motivation
- Believed the most important source of motivation was strive for superiority
35
Drive for Superiority
The drive for self improvement, an "upward drive" for perfection
36
Feelings of Inferiority
- The young infant feels helpless and inferior to older children and adults
- The child's struggle to overcome these feelings provides the motivation for a lifetime of compensatory strivings
- With a courageous attitude, the struggle to compensate for inferiority can turn a perceived deficit into a positive asset i.e. a stutter
37
Inferiority Complex
If the need for self improvement is blocked as a result of parental pampering or neglect
- Excessive feelings of inferiority
38
Strengths of Psychodynamic Theories
Relatively Influential
39
