Week 4

Question 1

bridges

Answer 1

Effective communication improves the person’s satisfaction, facilitates
decision making and promotes successful self-management of health
issues.
Accurate communication about a person’s condition is crucial to
quality safe care, and it improves person outcomes
-respect
-caring
-empowerment
-trust and empathy
-

Question 2

Barriers to Communication

Answer 2

Barriers can occur from our biases, perceptions, communication styles, the
environment, the healthcare system and the patient’s health condition.

Question 3

types of barriers to communication

Answer 3

• Biases and Stereotypes
• Organization
  System Barriers (time limitations, staff shortages)
  -proxemics (Intrusion on personal space, potentially negatively impacts patient-centered
  communication)
  -anxiety (calm manner helps ease patients nerves)
  -cultural and language
  -

Question 4

reducing barriers

Answer 4

• Establish trust.
• Demonstrate caring and empathy.
• Empower the person.
• Recognize and reduce the person’s anxiety.
• Maintain appropriate personal distance.
• Practice cultural safety.
• Use therapeutic relationship-building activities
  such as active listening.
• Avoid medical terminology.
  This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

Question 5

Steps in the C.A.R.E. Process

Answer 5

C = Connect with the person.
A = Appreciate the person’s situation.
R = Respond to what the person needs.
E = Empower to problem solve with you

Question 6

Strategies for Empowerment

Answer 6

• Accept the person as they are.
• Assess level of understanding.
• Establish mutual goals for health care.
• Identify the information the person wants to know.
• Reinforce autonomy.
• Offer information.
• Make sure the person actively participates in care.
• Encourage networking with a support group.
• Clarify the person’s responsibility for care decisions

Question 7

Adapting our Communication:

Answer 7

Wearing Face Masks
* Self-awareness of nonverbal behaviours.
* Face the person and maintain eye
contact.
* Speak clearly, slowly, and loudly enough
for the person to hear you.
* Use hand gestures.

Question 8

Health Promotion

Answer 8

• Health: “Being free from disease, being able to function normally, experiencing well-
  being, and having a healthy lifestyle.” (Fagerlind et al., 2010, p. 104)
• Health promotion: “The process of enabling individuals to take control over their health.”
  (WHO, 1986)
• Disease prevention: Identifying modifiable risk and protective factors associated with
  diseases and disorders and using this knowledge as a basis for corrective action

Question 9

Principles of Health Promotion

Answer 9

Focus is on health and not illness
* Empowering Clients
* Recognizing that health is multidimensional
* Understanding that health is influenced by factors outside of
individual’s control

Question 10

National Health
Promotion Agenda

Answer 10

• A landmark report that was created in
  1986
• Came about from the Lalonde Report
  (1974)
• Ottawa Charter defined prerequisites or
  what is needed for health to happen:
  Peace, shelter, education, food, income, a
  stable ecosystem, sustainable resources,
  social justice and equity

Question 11

The Ottawa Charter identified what
prerequisites for improving health

Answer 11

• Advocacy for health
• Enabling equal opportunities and resources for people
  to achieve health
• Mediation and coordinated action share by community
  groups, health service agencies, and governments
  targeted toward the pursuit of health

Question 12

Ottawa Charter: Strategies for Health
Promotion

Answer 12

• Build healthy public policy
• Create Supportive environments
• Strengthen community action
• Develop Personal Skills
• Reorient Health Services
  Shifts from a health education focus
  to a health promotion focus

Question 13

The Jakarta Declaration on Health Promotion

Answer 13

• Is a global initiative that was an international agreement that was
  signed at the World Health Organization’s 1997 4th International
  Conference on Health Promotion held in Jakarta
• It reflects the commitment of participating countries to use
  resources to tackle the social determinants of health
• The determinants factors and conditions that have been shown to
  influence health over one’s life and have been identified as essential
  to promote the health of the population
• The determinants include culture, race, income, safe housing,
  gender, education, clean environment, access to health care

Question 14

Health Promotion Theory-Based Frameworks

Answer 14

• Pender’s Health Promotion Model
• Transtheoretical Model of Change
• Social Learning Theory

Question 15

Pender’s Health Promotion Model

Answer 15

A person’s capacity to absorb and use health promotion information depends on
what people believe about their health, the seriousness of their condition, and
the extent to which their personal actions can produce positive outcomes.
This model identifies perceived barriers, benefits and ability
to take action related to health as important components of
people’s health decision making

Question 16

Transtheoretical Model of Change

Answer 16

• Evidence-based model to explore a person’s motivational readiness to
  change his or her health behaviours
• This model identifies stages of readiness ranging from lack of
  acknowledgement of a problem to taking constructive action to correct
  unhealthy behaviours
• The stages are Precontemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action
  and Maintenance

Question 17

Social Learning Theory

Answer 17

• Bandura’s contribution to health promotion is the concept of
  self-efficacy
• Self-efficacy is defined as a personal belief in
  one’s ability to execute the actions to achieve
  a goal
• Increased self-efficacy strengthens motivation which increases
  the person’s capacity to
  complete the task
• Identified 3 motivating factors that promote learning:
  ⚬ Physical Motivators (i.e. symptoms you can’t ignore)
  ⚬ Social Incentives (i.e. praise and encouragement)
  ⚬ Cognitive Motivators (i.e. thought processes associated
  with change)

Question 18

Why is Health Teaching Important to Nurses?

Answer 18

• Quality Care; Better Health Outcomes
• It is our ethical and legal responsibility
• Help Patient’s Care for themselves
• If successful saves healthcare $$, prevents
  re-admissions, prevents gridlock

Question 19

Three Domains of Learning

Answer 19

-cognitive
-Psychomotor
-Affective

Question 20

Cognitive domain

Answer 20

-Focus when there is a
learning deficit
-Provide Specific
Information and Clarify
misinformation

Question 21

Psychomotor domain

Answer 21

-Focused on learning a
skill
-Hands on
-Nurses demonstrate
followed by the patient

Question 22

affective domain

Answer 22

Focus on emotional
attitudes related to
acceptance,
compliance, and valuing
personal responsibility
Three Domains of Learning

Question 23

Teaching Approach

Answer 23

• Use Plain Language: organize information so important points come first, break
  concept into easily understandable chunks, reading level at 8th grade or lower,
  use simple language
• Technology integration: Nurses can educate patients on how to begin searches,
  how to access information and evaluate its quality
• Develop Individualized Teaching Plans: Assess preferred learning style,
  developmental stage, learning readiness, ability to learn, motivation and health
  literacy

Question 24

Health Literacy

Answer 24

“the degree to
which an individual has the capacity to obtain,
communicate, process, and understand health
information and services in order to make
appropriate health decisions”

Question 25

summary

Answer 25

• Bridges to communication include respect, caring, empowerment, trust, empathy, mutuality,
  honesty, acceptance and confidence
• Barriers can occur from our biases, perceptions, communication styles, the environment, the
  healthcare system and the patient’s health condition.
• Principles of health promotion is empowering clients to take control over their health, focus is on
  health and not illness
• Health Promotion is a global and national initiative to enable equal opportunities and resources
  for everyone to achieve health
• Health education is an important part of health promotion
• In order to effectively health teach need to assess a person’s readiness to learn, ability to learn,
  motivation and the effectiveness of the teaching