week 4

Question 1

Coprolites are a unique type of fossil that preserves what kind of information?

Answer 1

dietary (poo)

Question 2

What is NOT a way of determining the age of rocks?

Answer 2

measuring vibrations

Question 3

approximately how long did the Mesozoic Era last?

Answer 3

185 ma

Question 4

Which of these fossils would fall in the category “ichnofossil”?

Answer 4

dino tracks

Question 5

The process of minerals filling the pores of an organic specimen is known as

Answer 5

perminiralization

Question 6

what era did the dinos live in>?

Answer 6

mesozoic

Question 7

If the same fossils occur in two different locations, this can be used to correlate the formations:

Answer 7

biostratigraphy!

Question 8

The supercontinent of Pangaea split into smaller southern and northern continents approximately during
the:

Answer 8

early jurassic

Question 9

The study of the relationships of strata and the fossils they contain.

Answer 9

stratigraphy

Question 10

included in a re a series of large lizard lokaslikes. members are mostly known from the triassic. also feature snouts where they look like pigs. opening on side of snouts. 1st teeth in socket, high skull, long nostril, no embryonic notochord in vertibre. ie. is the rhychosaur. include archosauria clade.

Answer 10

archosaurmorphia

Question 11

clade has presence of antorbital fenestrae, loss of teeth onpalate, new shape of articulating surface of ankle. include crurotarsi (crocodilians living included -= ancient r dominant in early triassic - late jurassic)

Answer 11

archosauria

Question 12

clade includes pterosauria and dinosauria, distal endsof neural spines not expanded, second phalanx of hand digit 2 is longer than 1. tibia longer than femur for quick runnig. compact metatarsus (all metatarals are in unit).

Answer 12

ornithodira

Question 13

include living birds and extinct non avians (all dinosaurs).

Answer 13

dinosauria

Question 14

crurotarsi and ornithodira differ by their ______ despite being sister clades. include bones in leg (____ and ____). ___ and _____ are sub = in size in crut (semi erect - relate to crocs) and _____ is bigger than _____ in ornithodira = erect stance, fore and back movement

Answer 14

legs, tibia, fibia, astragulus, calcenum, astragulus, calcenum,

Question 15

pteradactyl kind dino clade, flying reptiles, elongated digit IV to support wing membrane

Answer 15

pteusauria

Question 16

the end of the ____ was at the start of the triassic - a big extinction due to high temp, low oxygen and acidification because of CO2. _____ were reduced to 2 lineages including theriodonita, ancestor of mammals

Answer 16

permian, synapsids

Question 17

almost dinosaur clade, look like puppy - dinosaurs and crocodiles, are very short, bipedal but could move on all 4 limbs if possible in early triassic. ie. prorotodactylus, most were carniverous

Answer 17

dinosauromorpha

Question 18

clade that includes true dinosaurs. shared characteristics include offset head of femur, straight cnemial crest (in leg, phlamge wrapping around fibula cooming off tibula), longest metatarsal >50% tibia length, MT without phalanges and p____. elongated deltapectoral crest (flight muscles)

Answer 18

dinosauromorphia

Question 19

best evidence for dinosaurs_____. in rocks of early ______. appear as footprints at _____ extinction, not as common as crurotarsi. best evidence in ____

Answer 19

track ways/fossils, triassic, permo, poland

Question 20

2 subclades in dinosauria

Answer 20

orinithischia, saurischia

Question 21

defined as triceratops horridus, passer domesticus and all member of the clade descended from their most recent common ancestor

Answer 21

dinosauria

Question 22

passer is derived from ____ (birds), triceratops is derived from ____

Answer 22

saurischia,orinithischia

Question 23

t/f - dinos are bipedal have narrow stance w femur inserted

Answer 23

t

Question 24

only unambiguous character uniting all dinosaurs. include perforate (open)____, pubis is directed ______ only in saurishians, and in ornithiand there is a pointed part down.

Answer 24

pelvic girle (ilium, ischium, pubus), acetabulum, anteriorally in saurishians,

Question 25

did ornithischia or saurischia clades come first?

Answer 25

we dont know!

Question 26

no evidence for feathers on _________ dinosaurs. because we dont want to insulaye a big body

Answer 26

sauropodomorpha

Question 27

t/f - in both ornithischia and saurischia there are feather like structure. they ____ likely evolve for purposes aside from flying

Answer 27

t - may be a defining feature in dinosauria, did

Question 28

feathers were good for … (4)

Answer 28

sensory (monfilamentous), display, insulation (plumaceous - down), flight (pennaceous)

Question 29

the earliest dinosaurs appeared in _____ stage of triassic, where earth was dynamic and full of volcanic events where perviously hot and dry environments were hot and humid, causing competition between groups - at end clade dinosauria were dominant

Answer 29

carnian,

Question 30

the oldest known dinosaur is _____ MA from tanizia in mid triassic. _____ bones are known from it

Answer 30

243, nyasasaurus parringtoni, few

Question 31

t/f - no dinosaurs existed in middle triassic before carnian

Answer 31

f - there is evidence that some were like nyasasaurus

Question 32

late triassic dinosaurs were ____ ____ dist. see ______

Answer 32

pangea wide, diversification (saurs and ors)