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Phrm3101 > Week 4 > Flashcards

Week 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the types of medicine reviews?

A

Prescription review, adherence support review, clinical review and clinical review with prescribing.

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2
Q

What are the types of medication-related problems?

A

Obtaining medicines, taking medicines, medication effects and communication and care coordination, including information related to medicines.

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3
Q

What are the steps in a medication review?

A
  1. Gather relevant information
  2. Evaluate therapy
  3. Identify potential medication-related problems
  4. Prioritise medication-related problems
  5. Recommend changes to therapy
  6. Monitor outcomes and follow-up
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4
Q

Which medicines can increase a person’s risk of falling?

A
  • Sedative-hypnotic and anxiolytic drugs (especially long-acting benzodiazepines such as diazepam)
  • Z-drugs (e.g., zopiclone)
  • Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., amitriptyline)
  • Major tranquilizers (phenothiazines and butyrophenones)
  • Antihypertensive drugs (e.g., hydrochlorothiazide)
  • Corticosteroids (e.g., prednisone)
  • Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (e.g., naproxen, ibuprofen)
  • Anticholinergic drugs (e.g., oxybutynin)
  • Hypoglycemic agents (e.g., glipizide)
  • Any medication that is likely to affect balance
  • Sedative medicines (e.g., opioids such as morphine)
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5
Q

What are the challenges to deprescribing?

A

Cultural, organisational, interpersonal and individual.

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6
Q

What are the 5 steps to deprescribing?

A
  1. Obtain the best possible medicines history
  2. Reconcile medicines-diagnosis list and verify indications
  3. Review each medicine’s utility
  4. Prioritise any changes and recommend a plan
  5. Communicate plan with the GP for implementation with the patient and monitoring for adverse drug withdrawal effects (ADWEs)
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7
Q

What are the symptoms of gastroenteritis (gastro)?

A

Vomiting, diarrheoa, stomach pain and nausea.

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8
Q

What are the causes of gastroenteritis?

A

Viruses, bacteria, toxins produced by bacteria, parasites or chemicals.

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9
Q

What are the risk factors of contracting Clostridioides difficile?

A

recent antibiotic use, long hospital stay, older age, cancer chemotherapy and other serious underlying illness.

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10
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Clostridioides difficile infection?

A

Diarrheoa (sometimes bloody), fever, loss of apetite, nausea, abdominal pain.

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11
Q

What is the treatment options of Clostridioides difficile infection?

A

Metronidazole 400mg 8 hourls for 10 days or vancomycin 125mg 6 hourly for 10 days.

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12
Q

What is the treatment options of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection?

A

Vancomycin 125mg 6 hourly for 14 days or fidaxomicin 200mg 12 hourly for 10 days.

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13
Q

What is the first line treatment of Helicobactor pylori?

A

esomeprazole 20mg, amoxicillin 1g and clarithromycin 500mg bd for 7-14 days.

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14
Q

What is the treatment of Giardia?

A

Tinidazole 2g as a single dose or metronidazole 2g d for 3 days or metronidazole 400mg 8 hourly for 5 days.

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15
Q

What are common STIs in Australia?

A

Chlamydia, syphilis, gonorrhoea and human papillomavirus (HPV).

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16
Q

What is the treatment for chlamydia?

A

Doxycycline 100mg bd for 7 days or azithromycin 1g as a single dose.

17
Q

What are the symptoms for chlamydia in females?

A

cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, infective procitis, urethritis and conjunctivitis.

18
Q

What are the symptoms for chlamydia in males?

A

Epididymo-orchitis, infective procitis, urethritis and conjunctivitis.

19
Q

What is the treatment for syphilis?

A

Benzathine benzylpenicillin 2.4 million units IV as a single dose or procaine benzylpenicillin 1.5g IV d for 10 days.

20
Q

What are the stage of syphilis?

A

Early syphilis <2 years: primary, secondary and early latent syphilis
Late syphilis
Tertiary syphilis

21
Q

What are the symptoms of gonorrhoea?

A

cervicitis, epididymo-orchitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, infective proctitis, urethritis, conjunctivitis or septic arthritis.

22
Q

What is the treatment for asymptomatic anorectal or genital gonoccoal infection?

A

ceftriaxone 500 mg in 2 mL of 1% lidocaine intramuscularly, or 500 mg intravenously, as a single dose

PLUS

azithromycin 1 g orally, as a single dose.

23
Q

What is the treatment for pharyngeal gonoccocal infection?

A

ceftriaxone 500 mg in 2 mL of 1% lidocaine intramuscularly, or 500 mg intravenously, as a single dose

PLUS

azithromycin 2 g orally with food, as a single dose

24
Q

What is the treatment of genital warts caused by HPV?

A

imiquimod 5% cream topically, 3 times weekly on alternate days at bedtime until warts resolve (usually 8 to 16 weeks)

OR

podophyllotoxin 0.5% paint topically, twice daily for 3 days followed by a 4-day break; repeat weekly for 4 to 6 cycles until warts resolve

Phrm3101 (7 decks)

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