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Bio 23 Labs > Week 4 > Flashcards

Week 4 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Plasma membrane

A

Border of the cell.

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2
Q

What does the plasma membrane look like?

A

It appears as pair of dark parallel lines when viewed with an electron microscope.

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3
Q

Does a plasma membrane have both intracellular and extracellular faces? True or false

A

True

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4
Q

What are the three functions of the plasma membrane?

A

Defines cell boundaires
Governs interactions with other cells
Controls passage of materials in and out of the cell

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5
Q

98% of membrane molecules are?

A

Lipids

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6
Q

The heads of phospholipids are?

A

Hydrophilic ( water-loving) Polar

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7
Q

The tails of phospholipids are?

A

Hydrophobic (water-fearing) nonpolar

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8
Q

Cholesterol

A

20% of the membrane lipids.
It holds phospholipids still and can stiffen the membrane.

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9
Q

Glycolipids

A

5% of the membrane lipids
Phospholipids with short carbohydrate chains on the extracellular face.
Contributes to glycocalyx- carbohydrate coating on the cell surface.

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10
Q

Membrane proteins

A

Are common protein molecules that are attached to, or associated with the membrane of a cell or an organelle.

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11
Q

Integral proteins

A

Is a protein that is permanently attached to the biological membrane.

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12
Q

Peripheral proteins

A

Adhere to one face of the membrane and usually tether to the cytoskeleton

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13
Q

Cilial

A

A short microscopic hair vibrating structure is found in large numbers on the surface of certain cells. 7-10um long
For example an eyelash

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14
Q

Multiple nonmotile cilia location

A

Found on sensory cells of the nose

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15
Q

Ciliopathies

A

Defects in structure and function of cilia

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16
Q

Motile cilia are found where?

A

Respiratory tract, uterine tubes, ventricles if the brain, ducts to testes.

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17
Q

How many Motile cilia are found on each cell

A

50-200

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18
Q

Axoneme

A

The core of motile cilium

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19
Q

How many structures of microtubules does the axoneme have?

A

9+2

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20
Q

Cilia beat freely within a saline layer located where?

A

The cells surface

21
Q

Chloride pumps pump Cl- into what?

A

ECF

22
Q

What follows after ECF

A

Na+ and H2O

23
Q

Where does mucus float?

A

On top of the saline layer

24
Q

What is the only functional flagellum in humans?

A

The tail of a sperm cell.

25
Q

Pseudopods

A

Continually changing extensions of the cell that vary in shape and size.

26
Q

Pseudopods can be used for what?

A

For cellular locomotion and capturing foreign particles.

27
Q

Plasma membrane and organelle membranes are selectively permeable what does that mean?

A

They allow some things through but prevent others from passing.

28
Q

Do passive mechanisms require ATP

A

No.

29
Q

Passive Mechanisms

A

The random molecular motion of particles provides the necessary energy.
filtration, diffusion, osmosis

30
Q

Active mechanisms

A

Consumes ATP.
And is used for two different types of transport Active and Vesicular

31
Q

Carrier

A

Mediated mechanisms used a membrane protein to transport substances across the membrane

32
Q

Filtration

A

Particles are driven through the membrane by physical pressure

33
Q

Simple diffusion

A

The net movement of particles from a place of high concentration to a place of lower concentration

34
Q

Substances diffuse down their concentration gradient do not require a membrane. True or false?

A

True

35
Q

What are the factors that affect the diffusion rate through a membrane? for simple diffusion.

A

Temperature
Molecular weight
The steepness of the concentrated gradient
Membrane surface area
Membrane permeability
pH

36
Q

Osmosis

A

The net flow of water through a selectively permeable membrane. Moves from higher to lower

37
Q

Some examples of osmotic imbalance.

A

Diarrhea, constipation, edema

38
Q

Channel proteins in membrane specialized for water passage?

A

Aquaporins

39
Q

Water can be diffused through the phospholipid bilayer, but osmosis is enhanced by what?

A

Aquaporins

40
Q

Osmotic pressure

A

Hydrostatic pressure is required to stop osmosis.
Increases the number of nonpermeating solutes

41
Q

Reverse osmosis

A

The process of applying mechanical pressure to override osmotic pressure allows for water purification

42
Q

Osmolarity

A

Number if osmoles per liter of solution

43
Q

Tonicity

A

The ability of a surrounding solution (bath) to affect fluid volume and pressure in a cell.

44
Q

Hypotonic solutions

A

Causes cells to absorb water and swell. if the cells stay in this solution too long it will cause them to explode and die

45
Q

Has a lower concentration of nonpermeating solutes than intercellular fluid (ICF)

A

Hypotonic solutions

46
Q

Hypertonic solutions

A

Causes the cell to lose water and shrivel (crenate)

47
Q

Has a higher concentration of nonpermeating solutes than ICF

A

Hypertonic solutions

48
Q

Isotonic solutions

A

Cause no change in the cell volume

49
Q

The concentrations of nonpermeating solutes in the bath and ICF are the same.

A

Isotonic solution

Bio 23 Labs (6 decks)

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