Week 4

Question 1

Jugular Furrow

Answer 1

The groove on each side of the neck in which the jugular vein can be located. Lies dorsal to the trachea.

Question 2

Thoracic Inlet

Answer 2

the entrance of the chest between the two first ribs, the manubrium, and the first thoracic vertebra.

Question 3

Jugular vein

Answer 3

Any of the three jugular veins: anterior, external, and internal

Question 4

Opportunistic infections

Answer 4

The secondary infections that occur in patients whose immune systems are compromised

Question 5

Latent

Answer 5

dormant or concealed; not manifest; potential

Question 6

Mutated/mutation

Answer 6

a nucleotide change, including base substitutions, insertions or deletions in DNA, or RNA in the case of some viruses, that gives rise to the mutant phenotype.
2. an animal exhibiting such change. Called also a sport.

Question 7

Cytotoxic

Answer 7

having a deleterious effect upon cells.

Question 8

Transmission

Answer 8

1. transfer, as of an infection from one patient to another.
2. of nervous impulses. See neuromuscular transmission.
3. heredity.

Question 9

Exposure

Answer 9

the condition of being subjected to something, as to infectious agents or extremes of weather or radiation, which may have a harmful effect.

Question 10

Vascular

Answer 10

pertaining to blood vessels or indicative of a copious blood supply.

Question 11

Hematoma

Answer 11

a localized collection of extravasated blood, usually clotted, in an organ, space or tissue. Contusions (bruises) are familiar forms of hematoma that are seldom serious

Question 12

Corneal edema

Answer 12

occurs when fluid accumulates in the corneal stroma, disrupting the normal lamellar structure and causing a loss of transparency. Commonly called blue eye.

Question 13

Retrovirus

Answer 13

a member of the family Retroviridae.

Question 14

Vectors

Answer 14

Something used to transport genetic information to a cell.

Question 15

Viral

Answer 15

pertaining to or caused by a virus.

Question 16

Infection

Answer 16

1. invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues, especially that causing local cellular injury due to competitive metabolism, toxins, intracellular replication or antigen-antibody response.
2. an infectious disease.

Question 17

Contagious/Contagion

Answer 17

capable of being transmitted from animal to animal./1. the spread of disease from one animal to another.
2. a contagious disease.

Question 18

Hygene

Answer 18

1. the science of health and its preservation.

2. a condition or practice, such as cleanliness, that is conducive to preservation of health

Question 19

Incubation period

Answer 19

the interval between effective exposure to a pathogenic infectious agent, leading to the invasion of the body and the establishment of the infection, and the appearance of the first clinical signs of the disease

Question 20

Prepatent period

Answer 20

the period between infection of the host and the earliest time at which the causative agent can be recovered from the patient or, in the case of parasites, eggs or larvae can be recovered from feces, urine or blood. It is usually shorter than the incubation period but may be longer in some parasitic infestations, e.g. hookworm infestation in puppies.

Question 21

Passive transfer

Answer 21

passage of electrolytes to all parts of a solution, including through a permeable membrane. Plays some part in intestinal absorption.

Question 22

Electrolytes

Answer 22

A chemical substance which, when dissolved in water or melted, dissociates into electrically charged particles (ions) and thus is capable of conducting an electric current. (you may want to read the entire definition from the book. It’s big)

Question 23

Venous

Answer 23

pertaining to the veins

Question 24

Anthropomorphism

Answer 24

The tendency to attribute human characteristics to animals or inanimate objects.

Question 25

Nuclear sclerosis

Answer 25

increased density of the lens causing a gray-blue haze; seen as a normal feature of aging in dogs. This is often mistaken as cataract formation, but seldom is a cause of blindness.

Question 26

Lentivirus

Answer 26

a member of the subfamily lentivirinae.

Question 27

Host

Answer 27

1. an animal or plant that harbors and provides sustenance for another organism (the parasite). Includes paratenic, intermediate etc.
2. the recipient of an organ or other tissue derived from another organism (the donor).

Question 28

Viremia

Answer 28

the presence of viruses in the blood either as free virus or a cell associated viremia. For some infections there may be a secondary viremia followed by increasing tissue damage and severe clinical disease sometimes including spread of virus to the central nervous system.

Question 29

Species specific

Answer 29

Characteristic of a particular species. Having a characteristic effect on, or interaction with, cells or tissues of members of a particular species. Said of an antigen, drug, or infective agent.

Question 30

Toxicity

Answer 30

the characteristic or quality of being poisonous, especially the degree of virulence of a toxic microbe or of a poison.

Question 31

Susceptibility

Answer 31

the state of being susceptible. Refers usually to infectious disease but may be to physical factors such as wetting or to psychological factors such as harassment.

Question 32

Contamination

Answer 32

1. the soiling or making inferior by contact or mixture, as by introduction of infectious organisms into a wound, into water, milk, food or onto the external surface of the body or on bandages and other dressings.
2. the deposition of radioactive material in any place where it is not desired.

Question 33

Symptom

Answer 33

any indication of disease perceived by the patient and a term therefore not applicable to animals. The expression used instead is ‘clinical signs’.

Question 34

Immunodeficiency

Answer 34

a deficiency in the immune system, either that mediated by antibody or T lymphocytes, or both.

Question 35

Fomite

Answer 35

An inanimate object or substance, such as clothing, furniture, or soap, that is capable of transmitting infectious organisms from one individual to another.

Question 36

Quarantine

Answer 36

1. a place or period of detention of ships or aircraft coming from infected or suspected ports.
2. restrictions placed on entering or leaving premises or regions where a case of communicable disease exists or is suspected.

Question 37

Cyclical fever

Answer 37

A fever that occurs in cycles

Question 37

Isolation

Answer 37

the act of isolating or state of being isolated, such as (1) the physiological separation of a part, as by tissue culture or by interposition of inert material; (2) the segregation of patients with a communicable disease; (3) the successive propagation of a growth of microorganisms until a pure culture is obtained; (4) the chemical extraction of an unknown substance in pure form from a tissue.

Question 38

Clinical

Answer 38

Disease founded on actual observation of patient

Question 39

Subclinical

Answer 39

Disease detectable by clinicopathological tests but not by clinical observation