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Functional Anatomy S2 > Week 4 > Flashcards

Week 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Ankle Joint:

  • Type joint
  • Attachments
A
  • (Ankle) Talocrural joint hinge synovial joint (Crural = leg, talus)
  • Talus is narrow posteriorly and fits loosely into the malleolar mortise formed by distal ends of tibia and fibula in plantarflexion
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2
Q

Lateral Ligaments of the Ankle:

  • Ligaments
  • Function
A
  • Lateral side of ankle stabilized by 3 ligaments (prevent excessive inversion forces)
  • Anterior talofibular ligament: Lateral Malleolus to the neck of the talus
  • Calcaneofibular ligament: Lateral malleolus to the lateral surface of the calcaneus
  • Posterior talofibular ligament: Medial surface of lateral malleolus of the talus
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3
Q

Medial Ligaments (Deltoid) of the Ankle:

  • Ligaments
  • Function
A
  • Medial part of ankle stabilised by broad ligament known as Deltoid ligament ( separated into 4 parts) (prevents excessive eversion)
  • Anterior tibiotalar part: Medial malleolus to the neck talus
  • Tibinoavicular part: Medial malleolus to navicular bone
  • Tibiocalcaneal part: Medial malleolus to the calcaneus
  • Posterior tibiotalar part: Medial malleolus to the body of the talus
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4
Q

Subtalar Joint(s):

  • Actions
  • Joints (classify)
A
  • Inversion and eversion happen here
    2 discrete joints:
  • Talocalcaneal navicular joint: ball and socket (main mover for inversion, eversion movements)
  • Transervse tarsal joints: between tarsal and metatarsal bones (ample inversion, eversion, doris/plantar flexion)
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5
Q

Superficial Posterior Leg muscles:

  • Muscles
  • Characteristics
A
  • Medial head of the gastrocnemius, lateral head of the gastrocnemius, Soleus, Plataris
  • Innervated by the tibial nerve
  • Same common distal attachment point = calcaneal tendon and posterior surface of the calcaneus
  • PLANTARFLEXORS
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6
Q

Gastrocnemius:

  • Attachments
  • Action
  • NS
A

Attachments
P:
- Lateral head: lateral aspect of lateral condyle of the femur
- Medial head: the popliteal surface of femur, superior to medial condyle
D: calcaneal tendon- posterior surface of calcaneus
- knee flexion and ankle plantar flexion
- Ventral rami of S1 and S2 spinal nerves, carried by the tibial nerve

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7
Q

Plantaris:

  • Attachments
  • Action
  • NS
A
  • P: lateral supracondylar line of femur
  • D: calcaneal tendon- posterior surface of calcaneus
  • Weak plantarflexor
  • Tibial nerve
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8
Q

Soleus:

  • Attachments
  • Action
  • NS
A
  • P: posterior aspect of head of fibula, soleal line, and middle 1/3 of medial border of tibia
  • D: calcaneal tendon- posterior surface of calcaneous
  • Ankle plantarflexion
  • Tibial nerve
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9
Q

Deep Compartment of Posterior Leg:

A
  • Behind medial malleolus**
  • Popliteus
  • Tibialis Posterior (TOM)
  • Flexor Digitorum Longus (DIC)
  • Flexor Hallucis Longus (NERVOUS HARRY)
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10
Q

Popliteus:

  • Region
  • Attachments
  • Action
  • NS
A
  • Deep Compartment of Posterior Leg
  • P: Lateral surface of lateral condyles of femur
  • D: posterior surface of tibia, superior to solar line
  • “unlocks knee”
  • tibial nerve
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11
Q

Tibialis Posterior:

  • Region
  • Attachments
  • Action
  • NS
A
  • Deep Compartment of Posterior Leg (TOM)
  • P: interosseous membrane (IOM), posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line, and posterior surface of fibula
  • D: tuberosity of navicular and across the plantar surface of the foot to the base of 2nd-4th metatarsals
  • Ankle plantarflexion and inversion
  • Tibial nerve
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12
Q

Flexor Digitorum Longus

  • Region
  • Attachments
  • Action
  • NS
A
  • Deep Compartment of Posterior Leg (DIC)
  • P: medial part of the posterior surface of tibia, inferior to soleal line
  • D: the plantar surface of base of distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits
  • Flexion of lateral 4 digits and ankle plantarflexion
  • Tibial nerve
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13
Q

Flexor Hallucis Longus

  • Region
  • Attachments
  • Action
  • NS
A
  • Deep Compartment of Posterior Leg (NERVOUS HARRY)
  • P: inferior 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula and inferior of IOM
  • D: plantar surface of base of distal phalanx of hallux
  • Flexion of the hallux, weak ankle plantar flexion
  • Tibial nerve
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14
Q

Anterior Compartment of the Leg

A
  • Tibialis Anterior
  • Extensor Digitorum Longus
  • Extensor Hallucis Longus
  • Fibularis tertius
  • DORSIFLEXORS
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15
Q

Tibialis Anterior:

  • Region
  • Attachments
  • Action
  • NS
A
  • Anterior Compartment of the Leg
  • P: Lateral condyle and superior half of lateral surface of tibia and interosseous membrane (IOM)
  • D: medial and plantar surface of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal
  • Ankle dorsiflexion and inversion
  • Deep fibular nerve
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16
Q

Extensor Digitorum Longus:

  • Region
  • Attachments
  • Action
  • NS
A
  • Anterior Compartment of the Leg
  • P: lateral condyle of tibia, superior surface of fibula, and IOM
  • D: dorsum of middle and distal phalanges 2-5
  • Ankle dorsiflexion and extension of digits 2-5
  • Deep fibular nerve
17
Q

Extensor Hallucis Longus:

  • Region
  • Attachments
  • Action
  • NS
A
  • Anterior Compartment of the Leg
  • P: middle part of the anterior surface of fibula and IOM
  • D: dorsum of distal phalanx of hallux
  • Ankle dorsiflexion and hallux extension
  • Deep fibular nerve
18
Q

Lateral Compartment of Leg:

A
  • Fibularis Longus, Fibularis Brevis

- Everters of the foot

19
Q

Fibularis Longus:

  • Region
  • Attachments
  • Action
  • NS
A
  • Lateral Compartment of Leg:
  • P: head and superior 2/3 of the lateral surface of fibula
  • D: the plantar surface of base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform
  • Ankle eversion and plantar flexion
  • Superficial fibular nerve
20
Q

Fibularis Brevis:

  • Region
  • Attachments
  • Action
  • NS
A
  • Lateral Compartment of Leg:
  • P: inferior 2/3 of the lateral surface of fibula
  • D: lateral surface of base of 5th metatarsal
  • Ankle eversion and plantar flexion
  • Superficial fibular nerve
21
Q

Extensor Retinaculum

  • Includes
  • Function
A
  • Superior band, inferior band around ankle
  • Pulley system
  • Reduces the amount of force needed to perform doors flexion
22
Q

Intrinsic Muscles of the foot- Layer 1:

  • Side of the foot?
  • Muscles (their action)
A
  • Plantar side
  • 2 abductors on sides and one flexor in the middle
  • Abductor Hallisus (medial abductor)
  • Abductor Digiti Minimi (lateral abductor)
  • Flexor Digitorum brevis
23
Q

Intrinsic Muscles of the foot- Layer 2:

  • Side of the foot?
  • Muscles (their action)
A
  • Plantar side
  • Lumbricals 1-4 (small muscles in between (attaches to) flexor digitorum longus tendons)
  • Quadratus Plantae (shaped like a square)
  • (Flexor digitorum longus tendons (Extrinsic muscle))
24
Q

Intrinsic Muscles of the foot- Layer 3:

  • Side of the foot?
  • Muscles (their action)
A
  • 2 flexors, 1 adductor
  • Flexor hallucis brevis (medial)
  • Flexor digitI minimi brevis (lateral)
  • Adductor hallicus (adductor muscle pointing towards hallicus)
  • 2 heads: transerve (top) and oblique (bottom) head
25
Q

Intrinsic Muscles of the foot- Layer 4:

A
  • PADS (adduction): Plantar interosseous

- DABS (abduction): Dorsi interosseous (muscle in between metatarsals)

26
Q

Dorsal Region of Foot

A
  • Extensor Hallicus Brevis: Between 1st and 2nd metatarsal

- Extensor Digitorum Brevis: Go down to your lateral 4 digits

Functional Anatomy S2 (4 decks)

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