Week 4 Flashcards
1
Q
Ankle Joint:
- Type joint
- Attachments
A
- (Ankle) Talocrural joint hinge synovial joint (Crural = leg, talus)
- Talus is narrow posteriorly and fits loosely into the malleolar mortise formed by distal ends of tibia and fibula in plantarflexion
2
Q
Lateral Ligaments of the Ankle:
- Ligaments
- Function
A
- Lateral side of ankle stabilized by 3 ligaments (prevent excessive inversion forces)
- Anterior talofibular ligament: Lateral Malleolus to the neck of the talus
- Calcaneofibular ligament: Lateral malleolus to the lateral surface of the calcaneus
- Posterior talofibular ligament: Medial surface of lateral malleolus of the talus
3
Q
Medial Ligaments (Deltoid) of the Ankle:
- Ligaments
- Function
A
- Medial part of ankle stabilised by broad ligament known as Deltoid ligament ( separated into 4 parts) (prevents excessive eversion)
- Anterior tibiotalar part: Medial malleolus to the neck talus
- Tibinoavicular part: Medial malleolus to navicular bone
- Tibiocalcaneal part: Medial malleolus to the calcaneus
- Posterior tibiotalar part: Medial malleolus to the body of the talus
4
Q
Subtalar Joint(s):
- Actions
- Joints (classify)
A
- Inversion and eversion happen here
2 discrete joints: - Talocalcaneal navicular joint: ball and socket (main mover for inversion, eversion movements)
- Transervse tarsal joints: between tarsal and metatarsal bones (ample inversion, eversion, doris/plantar flexion)
5
Q
Superficial Posterior Leg muscles:
- Muscles
- Characteristics
A
- Medial head of the gastrocnemius, lateral head of the gastrocnemius, Soleus, Plataris
- Innervated by the tibial nerve
- Same common distal attachment point = calcaneal tendon and posterior surface of the calcaneus
- PLANTARFLEXORS
6
Q
Gastrocnemius:
- Attachments
- Action
- NS
A
Attachments
P:
- Lateral head: lateral aspect of lateral condyle of the femur
- Medial head: the popliteal surface of femur, superior to medial condyle
D: calcaneal tendon- posterior surface of calcaneus
- knee flexion and ankle plantar flexion
- Ventral rami of S1 and S2 spinal nerves, carried by the tibial nerve
7
Q
Plantaris:
- Attachments
- Action
- NS
A
- P: lateral supracondylar line of femur
- D: calcaneal tendon- posterior surface of calcaneus
- Weak plantarflexor
- Tibial nerve
8
Q
Soleus:
- Attachments
- Action
- NS
A
- P: posterior aspect of head of fibula, soleal line, and middle 1/3 of medial border of tibia
- D: calcaneal tendon- posterior surface of calcaneous
- Ankle plantarflexion
- Tibial nerve
9
Q
Deep Compartment of Posterior Leg:
A
- Behind medial malleolus**
- Popliteus
- Tibialis Posterior (TOM)
- Flexor Digitorum Longus (DIC)
- Flexor Hallucis Longus (NERVOUS HARRY)
10
Q
Popliteus:
- Region
- Attachments
- Action
- NS
A
- Deep Compartment of Posterior Leg
- P: Lateral surface of lateral condyles of femur
- D: posterior surface of tibia, superior to solar line
- “unlocks knee”
- tibial nerve
11
Q
Tibialis Posterior:
- Region
- Attachments
- Action
- NS
A
- Deep Compartment of Posterior Leg (TOM)
- P: interosseous membrane (IOM), posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line, and posterior surface of fibula
- D: tuberosity of navicular and across the plantar surface of the foot to the base of 2nd-4th metatarsals
- Ankle plantarflexion and inversion
- Tibial nerve
12
Q
Flexor Digitorum Longus
- Region
- Attachments
- Action
- NS
A
- Deep Compartment of Posterior Leg (DIC)
- P: medial part of the posterior surface of tibia, inferior to soleal line
- D: the plantar surface of base of distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits
- Flexion of lateral 4 digits and ankle plantarflexion
- Tibial nerve
13
Q
Flexor Hallucis Longus
- Region
- Attachments
- Action
- NS
A
- Deep Compartment of Posterior Leg (NERVOUS HARRY)
- P: inferior 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula and inferior of IOM
- D: plantar surface of base of distal phalanx of hallux
- Flexion of the hallux, weak ankle plantar flexion
- Tibial nerve
14
Q
Anterior Compartment of the Leg
A
- Tibialis Anterior
- Extensor Digitorum Longus
- Extensor Hallucis Longus
- Fibularis tertius
- DORSIFLEXORS
15
Q
Tibialis Anterior:
- Region
- Attachments
- Action
- NS
A
- Anterior Compartment of the Leg
- P: Lateral condyle and superior half of lateral surface of tibia and interosseous membrane (IOM)
- D: medial and plantar surface of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal
- Ankle dorsiflexion and inversion
- Deep fibular nerve
16
Q
Extensor Digitorum Longus:
- Region
- Attachments
- Action
- NS
A
- Anterior Compartment of the Leg
- P: lateral condyle of tibia, superior surface of fibula, and IOM
- D: dorsum of middle and distal phalanges 2-5
- Ankle dorsiflexion and extension of digits 2-5
- Deep fibular nerve
17
Q
Extensor Hallucis Longus:
- Region
- Attachments
- Action
- NS
A
- Anterior Compartment of the Leg
- P: middle part of the anterior surface of fibula and IOM
- D: dorsum of distal phalanx of hallux
- Ankle dorsiflexion and hallux extension
- Deep fibular nerve
18
Q
Lateral Compartment of Leg:
A
- Fibularis Longus, Fibularis Brevis
- Everters of the foot
19
Q
Fibularis Longus:
- Region
- Attachments
- Action
- NS
A
- Lateral Compartment of Leg:
- P: head and superior 2/3 of the lateral surface of fibula
- D: the plantar surface of base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform
- Ankle eversion and plantar flexion
- Superficial fibular nerve
20
Q
Fibularis Brevis:
- Region
- Attachments
- Action
- NS
A
- Lateral Compartment of Leg:
- P: inferior 2/3 of the lateral surface of fibula
- D: lateral surface of base of 5th metatarsal
- Ankle eversion and plantar flexion
- Superficial fibular nerve
21
Q
Extensor Retinaculum
- Includes
- Function
A
- Superior band, inferior band around ankle
- Pulley system
- Reduces the amount of force needed to perform doors flexion
22
Q
Intrinsic Muscles of the foot- Layer 1:
- Side of the foot?
- Muscles (their action)
A
- Plantar side
- 2 abductors on sides and one flexor in the middle
- Abductor Hallisus (medial abductor)
- Abductor Digiti Minimi (lateral abductor)
- Flexor Digitorum brevis
23
Q
Intrinsic Muscles of the foot- Layer 2:
- Side of the foot?
- Muscles (their action)
A
- Plantar side
- Lumbricals 1-4 (small muscles in between (attaches to) flexor digitorum longus tendons)
- Quadratus Plantae (shaped like a square)
- (Flexor digitorum longus tendons (Extrinsic muscle))
24
Q
Intrinsic Muscles of the foot- Layer 3:
- Side of the foot?
- Muscles (their action)
A
- 2 flexors, 1 adductor
- Flexor hallucis brevis (medial)
- Flexor digitI minimi brevis (lateral)
- Adductor hallicus (adductor muscle pointing towards hallicus)
- 2 heads: transerve (top) and oblique (bottom) head
25
Q
Intrinsic Muscles of the foot- Layer 4:
A
- PADS (adduction): Plantar interosseous
- DABS (abduction): Dorsi interosseous (muscle in between metatarsals)
26
Q
Dorsal Region of Foot
A
- Extensor Hallicus Brevis: Between 1st and 2nd metatarsal
- Extensor Digitorum Brevis: Go down to your lateral 4 digits
