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Functional Anatomy S2 > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Pelvis:

  • Main joint
  • Joint classification
  • functions
  • movements
A
  • Hip joint (connects lower limb to pelvic girdle- formed between head of femur and acetabulum)
  • Synovial ball and socket joint
  • Function: stability, 2nd most mobile joint
  • Movement: multiaxial (F & E, AD & AB, medial-lateral rotation and circumduction
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2
Q

What is the Pelvic Girdle?

A

The bony ring formed by the scrum and the hip bones which are connected anteriorly at the pubic symphysis

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3
Q

Movements of Pelvic Girdle:

A

Depending on the vertical column and hip bone

  • Anterior and posterior rotation (sagittal plane)
  • Lateral rotation (lateral plane)
  • Hip flexion and extension
  • Hip adduction and abduction
  • Hip internal and external rotation
  • Depression and elevation (frontal plane)
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4
Q

Functions of Pelvic Girdle:

A
  • Locomotion: Bodyweight transmitted to lower limbs through PG and the connection of axial and appendicular skeletons at the sacroiliac joint
  • Supports vertebral column, abdominal organs held up by pelvic floor and pelvis
  • Protects organs
  • Bones strongly united to each other to form a largely immobile, weight-bearing structure
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5
Q

Alignment of Hip and Hip Joint

- Abnormal angles

A
  • Degree of the angle of inclination would decrease due to wear
  • Coxa vara (decreased abnormal angle approx. 90 degrees)
  • Coxa valga (angle abnormally wide)
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6
Q

Secondary cartilaginous joints of Pelvic Girdle:

A
  • Lumbosacral joints
  • Sacrococcygeal joint
  • Pubic symphysis (anteriorly)
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7
Q

Ligament of Pelvic Girdle:

A
  • Stabilise joints
  • Name from bones they attach to (Medial-Lateral)
    Eg Sacroiliac joint stabilised by the Anterior sacroiliac ligament
  • Capsular ligaments around hip joints (thicker portions of articular capsule): 2 anteriorly (iliofemoral ligament and pobofemoral ligament- provide stability anteriorly and hyperextension)
  • Sacrotuberous ligament (between the sacrum and ischial tuberosity)
  • Iliolumbar ligament- doesn’t go from medial to lateral
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8
Q

Acetabular Labrum

  • Define
  • Function
A
  • Mainly fibrocartilage around the acetabular rim
  • Deepens socket provides more stability, and closes around the head of the femur, creating a negative pressure inside the hip joint (femur and hip can’t separate)
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9
Q

Iliac Region main muscles:

A
  • Psoas minor
  • Psoas major
  • Illicus
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10
Q

Psoas minor:

  • Region
  • Attachments
  • Action
  • NS
A
  • ILLIAC REGION
  • P: sides of bodies T12 and L1 vertebrae and intervertebral (IV) disc
  • D: iliopubic eminence and pecten pubis (pectineal line)
  • Weak trunk flexor and hip stabiliser
  • Anterior rami of lumbar nerves (L1, L2)
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11
Q

Psoas major:

  • Region
  • Attachments
  • Action
  • NS
A
  • ILLIAC REGION
  • P: transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae; sides of bodies of vertebrae T12-L5 and IV discs in between
  • D: lesser trochanter of femur
  • Hip/trunk flexion
  • Anterior rami of lumbar nerves L1-3
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12
Q

Illicus:

  • Region
  • Attachments
  • Action
  • NS
A
  • ILLIAC REGION
  • P: superior 2/3 of iliac fossa, ala of sacrum and sacroiliac ligaments
  • D: lesser trochanter of femur
  • Hip flexion and stabilse hip
  • Femoral nerve
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13
Q

Medial Thigh Region main muscles:

- Most have in common?

A
  • Pectineus
  • Gracilis
  • Adductor Longus
  • Adductor Brevis
  • Adductor Magnus
  • obturator nerve and ALL participate in adduction of hip
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14
Q

Pectineus:

  • Region
  • Attachments
  • Action
  • NS
A
  • MEDIAL THIGH
  • P: superior ramus of pubis
  • D: pectineal line of the femur, inferior to the lesser trochanter
  • Adducts and flexes hip; assist medial rotation of the hip
  • Femoral nerve (Only one not innervated by OB)
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15
Q

Gracilis:

  • Region
  • Attachments
  • Action
  • NS
A
  • MEDIAL THIGH
  • Most medial muscle of all MT muscles
  • P: body and inferior ramus of pubis
  • D: anterior surface of medial condyle of tibia
  • Hip adduction, knee flexion, and medial rotation
  • Obturator nerve
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16
Q

Adductor Longus:

  • Region
  • Attachments
  • Action
  • NS
A
  • MEDIAL THIGH
  • Most superficial
  • P: lateral aspect of the body of pubis inferior to pubic crest
  • D: middle 1/3 linea aspera of femur
  • Hip adduction
  • Obturator nerve
17
Q

Adductor Brevis:

  • Region
  • Attachments
  • Action
  • NS
A
  • P: body and inferior ramus of pubis
  • D: pectineal line and proximal part of linea aspera of femur
  • Hip adduction
  • Obturator nerve
    (brevis = smaller)
18
Q

Adductor Magnus:

  • Region
  • Attachments
  • Action
  • NS
A
  • P Adductor Part: inferior ramus of pubis and ramus of ischium
  • P Hamstring Part: ischial tuberosity
  • D Adductor Part: gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line
  • D Hamstring Part: adductor tubercle of the femur (doesn’t cross knee joint!!)
  • Hip adduction and extension
  • Obturator nerve
19
Q

Superficial Gluteal Region Main Muscles:

  • Action
  • Innervation
  • Muscles
A
  • Extend, abduct, and medially rotate the hip
  • Innervated by superior gluteal nerve, except Maximus Innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve
  • Tensor fasciae latae, Gluteus Maximus, Gluteus minimus (under max), Gluteus medius (under max)
20
Q

Tensor fasciae latae:

  • Region
  • Attachments
  • Action
  • Function
  • NS
A
  • SUPERFICIAL GLUTEAL REGION
  • P: anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and anterior part of iliac crest
  • D: iliotibial band which attaches to the anterolateral tubercle of the tibia (Gerdy’s tubercle)
  • Hip flexion, abduction and medial rotation
  • Keeps ipsilateral pelvis level when standing on one leg
  • Superior gluteal nerve
21
Q

Gluteus maximus:

  • Region
  • Attachments
  • Action
  • NS
A
  • SUPERFICIAL GLUTEAL REGION
  • P: ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line, dorsal sacrum and coccyx, erector spinae aponeurosis and sacrotuberous ligament
  • D: iliotibial band and gluteal tuberosity
  • Hip extension and lateral rotation
  • Inferior gluteal nerve
22
Q

Iliotibial Band:

  • Region
  • Attachments
  • Action
  • Movement
A
  • SUPERFICIAL GLUTEAL REGION
  • Attaches at the anterolateral tubercle of the tibia
  • Distal attachment for gluteus Maximus, TFL
  • Stabilises lateral aspect of extended knee (Crosses over knee -providing stability for knee joint)
23
Q

Gluteus Medius:

  • Region
  • Attachments
  • Action
  • NS
A
  • SUPERFICIAL GLUTEAL REGION
  • P: external surface of ilium between posterior and anterior gluteal lines
  • D: lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur
  • Hip extension, abduction, rotation, keeps ipsilateral pelvis level when standing on one leg
  • Superior gluteal nerve
24
Q

Gluteus Minimus:

  • Region
  • Attachments
  • Action
  • NS
A
  • SUPERFICIAL GLUTEAL REGION
  • P: external surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
  • D: anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur
  • Hip abduction and medial rotation
  • Superior gluteal nerve
  • Internal (cant see)
25
Q

Deep Gluteal Muscles

  • Location
  • Function
  • Muscles
  • Action
A
  • Under the superficial gluteal muscles
  • Stabilisers of hip joint (small muscles -dynamic stabilizers of hip), balance
  • Piriformis, Superior gemellus, Obturator internus, Inferior gemellus, Quadratus femoris
  • Lateral Rotators: stabilise the femoral head in the acetabulum and the 6th lateral rotator is the obturator externus
26
Q

Piriformis:

  • Attachments
  • Action
  • NS
  • Location
A
  • P: Anterior surface of sacrum
  • D: Superior border of greater trochanter of femur
  • Hip lateral rotation
  • Branches of anterior rami of S1, S2
    Sciatic nerve passes under, over, or through piriformis (long, thick nerve around muscle)
  • Next to gluteus medius
    Piri = pear
27
Q

Superior Gemellus:

  • Attachments
  • Action
  • NS
A
  • P: Ischial spine
  • D: trochanteric fossa of femur
  • Hip lateral rotation
  • Nerve to obturator internus
  • Gemellus = Gemini (2- superior and inferior)
28
Q

Obturator Internus:

  • Attachments
  • Action
  • NS
A
  • P: the internal surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bones
  • D: trochanteric fossa of femur
  • Hip lateral rotation
  • Nerve to obturator interns
29
Q

Inferior Gemellus:

  • Attachments
  • Action
  • NS
A
  • P: ischial tuberosity
  • D: trochanteric fossa of femur
  • Hip lateral rotation
  • Nerve to quadrates femoris
30
Q

Quadratus Femoris:

  • Attachments
  • Action
  • NS
A
  • P: lateral border of the ischial tuberosity
  • D: quadrate tubercle
  • Hip lateral rotation
  • Nerve to quadratus femoris
    Quadratus = square (it’s square-shaped)
31
Q

Obturator externus:

  • Attachments
  • Action
  • NS
A
  • P: external margin of obturator foramen and obturator membrane
  • D: trochanteric fossa of femur
  • Hip lateral rotation and stabilise hip
  • Obturator nerve
    Opposite surface to obturator internus
    Cover obturator membrane over the external surface

Functional Anatomy S2 (4 decks)

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