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Board Prep > Week 3 UMN vs LMN > Flashcards

Week 3 UMN vs LMN Flashcards

1
Q

Location for UMN

A

central nervous system cortex, brain stem, corticospinal tracts, spinal cord

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2
Q

UMN dx/pathology

A

stroke, TBI, SCI

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3
Q

UMN tone

A

increased; hypertonia
velocity dependent

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4
Q

UMN reflexes

A

increased: hyperreflexia,
clonus
exaggerated cutaneous and autonomic reflexes + babinski

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5
Q

UMN involuntary movements

A

muscle spasms: flexor or extensor

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6
Q

UMN strength

A

weakness or paralysis: ipsilateral (stroke) or bilateral (SCI)
Corticospinal: contralateral if above decussation in medulla; ipsilateral if below
Distribution: never focal

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7
Q

UMN muscle bulk

A

disuse atrophy: variable widespread distribution, especially of antigravity muscles

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8
Q

UMN voluntary movements

A

impaired or absent: dyssynergic patterns, obligatory mass synergies

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9
Q

LMN location of lesion and structures involved

A

cranial nerve neclei/nerves
spinal cord: anterior horn cell, spinal roots
peripheral nerve

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10
Q

LMN diagnosis/ pathology

A

polio, Guillain-barre
Peripheral nerve injury
peripheral neuropathy
radiculopathy

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11
Q

LMN tone

A

decreased or absent: hypotonia, flaccidity
not velocity dependent

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12
Q

LMN reflexes

A

decreased or absent: hyporeflexia
cutaneous reflexes decreased or absent

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13
Q

LMN involuntary movements

A

with denervation: fasciculations

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14
Q

LMN strength

A

ipsilateral weakness or paralysis
limited distribution: segmental or focal pattern, root-innervated pattern

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15
Q

LMN muscle bulk

A

neurogenic atrophy: rapid, focal distribution, severe wasting

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16
Q

LMN voluntary movements

A

weak or absent if nerve interrupted

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17
Q

Lesion of cerebral cortex/corticospinal sensation

A

impaired or absent: depends on lesion location; contralateral sensory loss

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18
Q

Lesion of cerebral cortex/corticospinal tracts diagnosis/patho

A

stroke

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19
Q

Lesion of cerebral cortex/corticospinal tone

A

hypertonia/spasticity velocity-dependent; clasp-knife
Initial flaccidity: cerebral shock

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20
Q

Lesion of cerebral cortex/corticospinal reflexes

A

hyperreflexia

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21
Q

Lesion of cerebral cortex/corticospinal strength

A

contralateral weakness or paralysis: hemiplegia or hemiparesis
Disuse weakness in chronic stage

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22
Q

Lesion of cerebral cortex/corticospinal muscle bulk

A

normal during acute stage; disuse atrophy in chronic stage

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23
Q

Lesion of cerebral cortex/corticospinal involuntary movements

A

spasms

24
Q

Lesion of cerebral cortex/corticospinal voluntary movements

A

dyssynergic; abnormal timing, co-activation, fatigability

25
Q

Lesion of cerebral cortex/corticospinal postural control

A

impaired or absent, depends on lesion location
impaired balance

26
Q

Lesion of cerebral cortex/corticospinal gait

A

impaired: gait deficits due to abnormal weakness, synergies, spasticity, timing deficits

27
Q

Basal ganglia diagnosis/pathology

A

Parkinson’s disease

28
Q

Basal ganglia sensation

A

not affected

29
Q

Basal ganglia tone

A

lead-pipe rigidity: increased, uniform resistance cogwheel rigidity: increased, ratchet like resistance

30
Q

Basal ganglia reflexes

A

normal or may be decreased

31
Q

Basal ganglia strength

A

disuse weakness in chronic stage

32
Q

Basal ganglia muscle bulk

A

normal or disuse atrophy

33
Q

basal ganglia involuntary movements

A

resting tremor

34
Q

basal ganglia voluntary movements

A

bradykinesia: slowness of movement
akinesia: absence of movement

35
Q

Basal ganglia gait

A

impaired: shuffling, festinating gait

36
Q

Basal ganglia postural control

A

impaired: stooped (flexed)
impaired balance

37
Q

Cerebellum dx/patho

A

tumor, stroke

38
Q

cerebellum sensation

A

not affected

39
Q

cerebellum tone

A

normal or may be decreased

40
Q

cerebellum reflexes

A

normal or may be decreased

41
Q

cerebellum strength

A

normal or weak: asthenia

42
Q

Cerebellum muscle bulk

A

normal

43
Q

Cerebellum involuntary movements

A

none

44
Q

Cerebellum voluntary movements

A

ataxia: intention tremor dysdiadochokinesia dymetria dyssynergia nystagmus

45
Q

Cerebellum postural control

A

impaired: truncal ataxia
impaired balance

46
Q

Cerebellum gait

A

impaired: ataxic gait deficits, wide-based, unsteady

47
Q

Spinal cord dx/patho

A

trauma, tumor, vascular insult: complete, incomplete SCI

48
Q

Spinal cord sensation

A

impaired or absent below the level of lesion

49
Q

Spinal cord tone

A

hypertonia/spasticity below the level of the lesion
initial flaccidity: spinal shock

50
Q

Spinal cord reflexes

A

hyperreflexia

51
Q

Spinal cord strength

A

impaired or absent below the level of the lesion: paraplegia or paraparesis; tetraplegia or tetraparesis

52
Q

Spinal cord muscle bulk

A

disuse atrophy

53
Q

Spinal cord involuntary movements

A

spasms

54
Q

Spinal cord voluntary movements

A

above level of lesion: intact (normal)
below level of lesion: impaired or absent

55
Q

Spinal cord postural control

A

impaired below level of lesion
impaired balance

56
Q

Spinal cord gait

A

impaired or absent: depends on level of lesion

57
Q
A

Board Prep (37 decks)

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