Week 3 - Trachte

Question 0

Which of the following is most likely to produce miosis (constriction)?
A. Acetazolamide
B. Amphetamine
C. Pilocarpine
D. Phenylephrine
E. Timolol

Answer 0

Pilocarpine is most likely to produce miosis.

Question 1

What two things cause increased pupil diameter?

Answer 1

Sympathetic nervous system, blockers of parasympathetics

Question 2

If a patient exhibits miosis and you wish to treat pharmacologically, which of the following is best?
A. Atropine
B. Pilocarpine
C. Phenylephrine
D. Reserpine
E. Terazosin

Answer 2

Atropine is the best way to reverse miosis

antagonize muscarinic receptors –> take foot off the gas!

Question 3

Which of the following is most likely to increase aqueous humor drainage?
A. Acetazolamide
B. Amphetamine
C. Phenylephrine
D. Pilocarpine
E. Timolol

Answer 3

Pilocarpine is most likely to increase aqueous humor drainage.

Question 4

Which of the following is most likely to precipitate closed angle glaucoma?
A. Acetazolamide
B. Acetylcholine
C. Pilocarpine
D. Phenylephrine
E. Timolol

Answer 4

Phenylephrine is most likely to precipitate closed angle glaucoma.

Question 5

What drug tests if the sympathetic postganglionic nerve is functional?

Answer 5

Amphetamine tests for postganglionic sympathetic nerves.

Question 6

What drug is the best test for parasympathetic activity?

Answer 6

Atropine is the best test for parasympathetic activity.

Need an antagonist to determine if there is baseline activity

Question 7

What drug best discriminates between a CN III nerve defect and an ocular (eye) defect?

Answer 7

Pilocarpine is the best discriminator between an eye or occulomotor nerve defect.

Question 8

What effect does a muscarinic agonist have on the pupil?

Answer 8

Constriction

parasympathetics –> muscarinic receptors –> constrict

Question 9

What effect does a muscarinic antagonist have on the pupil?

Answer 9

Dilation

inhibit parasympathetics –> no constriction

Question 10

What sympathetic receptor is involved with contraction of the pupillary dilator muscle and the superior tarsal muscle to hold the eyelid open?

Answer 10

alpha-1

Question 11

What sympathetic receptor is involved with relaxation of ciliary muscles for distant vision and enhancing aqueous humor formation?

Answer 11

Beta receptor

Question 12

What sympathetic receptor is involved with inhibition of aqueous humor formation?

Answer 12

alpha-2

Question 13

What kind of receptor is involved with all parasympathetic eye functions?

Answer 13

Muscarinic

Question 14

What four drugs can all precipitate closed angle glaucoma?

Answer 14

Phenylephrine, Atropine, Cocaine, and Amphetamine

Question 15

What three drugs enhance aqueous humor outflow in the treatment of Glaucoma?

Answer 15

1. Latanoprost (prostaglandins)
2. Pilocarpine (muscarinic agonists)
3. Epinephrine

Question 16

What three drugs suppress aqueous humor production in the treatment of Glaucoma?

Answer 16

1. Timolol (B adrenergic antagonist)
2. Aproclonidine (alpha-2 adrenergic agonist)
3. Acetazolamide (carbonic anhydrase inhibitors)

Question 17

What miotic agents are muscarinic agonists?

Answer 17

1. Pilocarpine
2. Acetylcholine

(cause constriction)