Week 3 - A. Prunuske (Ear Infections) Flashcards
What are common symptoms of bacterial/viral Acute otitis media?
- Ear pain
- Red ear drum
- Pus
- Fever
What are common symptoms of Otitis media with effusion?
- Build up of fluid in Eustachian tube
- No infection
- Associated URI
- Cigarette smoke
- Allergies
- Self-resolving
Describe the pathogensis of Acute Otitis Media (AOM).
- URI/Allergic condition –> congestion of mucosa
- Narrowing/obstruction of Eustachian tube –> prevention of ventilation/drainage
- Adenoids –> possible blockage
- Accumulatio of secretions + pathogen ==> AOM!
Why do ~70% of children experience at least one episode of otitis media during childhood?
- Eustachina tubes are more narrow & horizontal
- Immune system is not well developed
What are the three most common bacterial etiologic agents of acute otitis media?
- Strep pneumoniae (25-50%)
- Haemophilus influenzae (15-30%)
- Moraxella catarrhalis (3-20%)
What are the two most common viral etiologic agents of acute otitis media?
RSV & rhinovirus
Streptococcus pneumonia
Gram +/-
Shape
Mode of transmission
- Gram positive
- Diplococcus
- Contact with secretions (normal flora)
What are the five main virulence factors for Streptococcus pneumoniae?
- Resistance - change in penicillin binding protein
- Capsule - blocks phagocytosis
- Choline-binding proteins - binds to carbs on epithelial cell surface
- Neuraminidases - cleave host mucins
- Pneumolysin - pore forming toxin disrupts cilia
Haemophilus influenzae
Gram +/-
Shape
Mode of Transmission
- Gram negative
- coccobacillus
- Not sure… part of normal flora?
What are the three main virulence factors for Haemophilus influenzae?
- Nontypeable-nonencapsulated
- Small, pleomorphic
- Express Beta-lactamases
Moraxella catarrhalis
Gram +/-
Shape
Mode of Transmission
- Gram negative
- Diplococcus
- Respiratory droplet
What are the two main virulence factors for Moraxella catarrhalis?
- Pili
- Produce Beta-lactamases
What two common pathogens of otitis media require chocolate agar to grow?
H. Influenzae & Moraxella catarrhalis
What are the recommended prevention strategies for Acute Otitis Media?
- Avoid exposing sick children to cigarette smoke
- Avoiding bottles before bed
- Stay up to date on vaccines (influenza & pneumococcal conjugate)
- WASH YO DAMN HANDS!
What age range do you always start empiric treatment for Acute Otitis Media with Amoxicillin?
6-24 months
