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PEDS - Nicole > Week 3 - Respiratory and Cardiology > Flashcards

Week 3 - Respiratory and Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

Layngotracheobronchitis patho

A

Viral - RSV, Influenza

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2
Q

What kind of precautions are needed for Laryngotracheobronchitis?

A

Droplet

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3
Q

Laryngotracheobronchitis s/s (5)

A
  • croup
  • stridor
  • suprasternal retractions
  • nasal flaring
  • decreased pulse ox
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4
Q

An easy nursing intervention for Laryngotracheobronchitis parents could do at home

A

Provide cool mist humidified O2 - take the child outside for a walk

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5
Q

Epiglottitis triage

A

Emergency

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6
Q

Which upper airway disorder is caused by Hib

A

Epiglottitis

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7
Q

Which upper airway disorder presents through the Tripod + 4 D’s

A

Epiglottitis

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8
Q

4 D’s of Epiglottitis

A
  • Dyspnea
  • Dysphagia
  • Dysphonia
  • Drooling
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9
Q

Epiglottitis Interventions (7)

A
  • Vaccination
  • NPO
  • Reduce stimuli
  • Antibiotics + fluids
  • Airway tray ready
  • Continuous pulse ox
  • Calm the child
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10
Q

Broncholitis patho

A

RSV

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11
Q
  • Tachypena
  • Wheezing
  • Cough
  • Rinorrhea
  • Sneezing
  • Retractions
  • Nasal flaring
A

Broncholitis

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12
Q

When do you suction for Broncholitis?

A

Pre-feed and before sleep

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13
Q

For which condition do you avoid antibiotics and cough suppressants?

A

Broncholitis

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14
Q

Short acting beta-2 agonist for Asthma

A

Albuterol

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15
Q

When should Asthmatic children take their medicine?

A

With symptoms or before exercise

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16
Q

Cystic Fibrosis description

A

Multisystem autosomal recessive trait disorder

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17
Q

Cystic Fibrosis patho

A

Over production of thick mucous results in insult to the

  • Respiratory
  • GI
  • Reproductive system
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18
Q

How do you confirm cystic fibrosis?

A

Positive newborn screening

- Sweat Chloride Test

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19
Q

With cystic fibrosis, you have chronic ________

A

Chronic Hypoxemia

  • Barrel Chest
  • Clubbing
  • Coughing
  • Cyanosis
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20
Q

How does cystic fibrosis affect the stomach?

A
  • Intestinal obstruction
  • Foul stool
  • Malabsorption issues
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21
Q

What kind of diet do you need for cystic fibrosis?

A

High calorie, high protein

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22
Q

Cystic Fibrosis intervention for the mucous

A

Chest PT

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23
Q

Foreign Body Obstruction

A

Prevention and teaching: danger of certain foods, toy age requirements, Heimlich maneuver - DO NOT finger swipe

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24
Q

Pneumonia interventions (6)

A
  • Chest PT (splinting with cough)
  • Monitor pulse ox
  • Antipyretics - Tylenol, Motrin
  • Antibiotics if it’s bacterial
  • Lay on the AFFECTED side
  • Monitor for dehydration
25
In ASD, which way does the blood shunt?
Left to right
26
S/Sx of ASD
Dyspnea, easily fatigued, systolic murmur at pulmonic region
27
In VSD, which way does the blood shunt?
Left to right
28
S/Sx of VSD
- Dyspnea - Easily fatigued - Systolic murmur at lower left sternal border - Can lead to CHF
29
For ASD and VSD, what would you find on the echocardiogram?
Right Ventricular hypertrophy
30
Coarction of the Aorta patho
- Narrowing along the descending aorta past the subclavian artery - Decreased blood flow to the periphery, especially the lower body - Increased pressure in the left ventricle - Left sided heart failure
31
Coarction of the Aorta S/sx
- Cold feet - Cramping of the lower extremities - BP differences (upper > lower) - Pulse differences (upper - full, lower - diminished/absent) - Exercise intolerance - Dyspnea
32
What are children with cardiac disorders at higher risk for?
Bacterial Endocarditis
33
What do children with cardiac disorders need before dental procedures or dental cleaning?
Antibiotic prophylaxis
34
Tetraology of Fallot definition
4 defects create RIGHT to LEFT shunting
35
4 defects of TEF
- Right ventricular hypertrophy - VSD - Overriding aorta - Pulmonic stenosis
36
What is TET Spells?
acute episodes of cyanosis that occur when infant's O2 requirements exceed blood supply - crying, feeding, defecating
37
How do you keep the PDA open?
Prostaglandins
38
How can you relieve TET spell ?
Infants: knees to chest Older: squatting
39
Can children with TEF have tantrums often?
No, want to avoid TET spells
40
Transposition of the Great Vessels (TGA) description
Aorta emerges from right ventricle and pulmonary artery leaves the left ventricle
41
TGA patho
Closed circulation pathways, thus need another anomaly to survive - ASD, VSD, PDA
42
Hypopalstic Left Heart Syndrome description
Small and thick left ventricle
43
Hypopalstic Left Heart Syndrome - patho
Almost no blood can enter left ventricle so it backs into the left atrium and through the ASD, flowing to the right side
44
Hypopalstic Left Heart Syndrome anomalies (5)
- ASD - Stenotic Mitral valve - Stenotic Aortic valve - Hypoplastic left ventricle - Hypoplastic ascending aorta
45
Rheumatic Fever description
Systemic inflammatory disease that involves the heart and joints - needs 2 major or 1 major + 2 minor criteria
46
Main cause of Rheumatic Fever
Strep throat (group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus)
47
Acute phase of Rheumatic Fever
Inflammation of connective tissue in heart, joints, skin
48
Proliferative phase of Rheumatic Fever
Cardiac valve stenosis/scar
49
Rheumatic Fever diagnosis
Positive rapid strep test and culture - anti-stroptolysin O titer, antideoxyribonuclease
50
Rheumatic Fever - Major criteria (5)
- Multi large joint involvement - Carditis (new murmur, pericardial friction rub) - Chorea - Erythema marginatum (macular rash) - Subcutaneous nodules on flexor surfaces
51
Rheumatic Fever - Minor critera (4)
- Fever - Arthralgia - Elevated ESR, CRP, and decreased RBC - Prolonged PR and or QT intervals
52
Main meds for Rheumatic Fever
- Aspirin | - Prednisone
53
What kind of rest should kids with Rheumatic Fever be on?
Bed rest
54
Kawasaki's Disease definition
Vasculitis (inflammatory process of the arteries) affecting many systems
55
When should you be concerned for Kawasaki's Disease?
If a fever has lasted longer than 5 days
56
Stage 1 of Kawasaki's
- Fever longer than 5 days - Conjunctivitis (redness of the eyes) - Dried lips and mucous membranes - strawberry tongue - Swelling to hands and feet - Lymphadenopathy (abnormal nodes)
57
Stage 2 of Kawasaki's
- Fever resolves - Irritable (not calmed by mom) - Anorexia - Desquamation (skin peeling) of hands and feet - Arthritis / arthralgia - Cardiovascular issues
58
Stage 3 of Kawasaki's
- ESR decreases, illness appears to resolve
59
Interventions for Kawasaki's
- IVIG - Aspirin - Passive ROM - Monitor for aneurysm, bleeding, myocarditis

PEDS - Nicole (8 decks)

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