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PEDS - Nicole > Week 3 - Respiratory and Cardiology > Flashcards

Week 3 - Respiratory and Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

Layngotracheobronchitis patho

A

Viral - RSV, Influenza

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2
Q

What kind of precautions are needed for Laryngotracheobronchitis?

A

Droplet

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3
Q

Laryngotracheobronchitis s/s (5)

A
  • croup
  • stridor
  • suprasternal retractions
  • nasal flaring
  • decreased pulse ox
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4
Q

An easy nursing intervention for Laryngotracheobronchitis parents could do at home

A

Provide cool mist humidified O2 - take the child outside for a walk

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5
Q

Epiglottitis triage

A

Emergency

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6
Q

Which upper airway disorder is caused by Hib

A

Epiglottitis

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7
Q

Which upper airway disorder presents through the Tripod + 4 D’s

A

Epiglottitis

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8
Q

4 D’s of Epiglottitis

A
  • Dyspnea
  • Dysphagia
  • Dysphonia
  • Drooling
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9
Q

Epiglottitis Interventions (7)

A
  • Vaccination
  • NPO
  • Reduce stimuli
  • Antibiotics + fluids
  • Airway tray ready
  • Continuous pulse ox
  • Calm the child
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10
Q

Broncholitis patho

A

RSV

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11
Q
  • Tachypena
  • Wheezing
  • Cough
  • Rinorrhea
  • Sneezing
  • Retractions
  • Nasal flaring
A

Broncholitis

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12
Q

When do you suction for Broncholitis?

A

Pre-feed and before sleep

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13
Q

For which condition do you avoid antibiotics and cough suppressants?

A

Broncholitis

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14
Q

Short acting beta-2 agonist for Asthma

A

Albuterol

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15
Q

When should Asthmatic children take their medicine?

A

With symptoms or before exercise

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16
Q

Cystic Fibrosis description

A

Multisystem autosomal recessive trait disorder

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17
Q

Cystic Fibrosis patho

A

Over production of thick mucous results in insult to the

  • Respiratory
  • GI
  • Reproductive system
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18
Q

How do you confirm cystic fibrosis?

A

Positive newborn screening

- Sweat Chloride Test

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19
Q

With cystic fibrosis, you have chronic ________

A

Chronic Hypoxemia

  • Barrel Chest
  • Clubbing
  • Coughing
  • Cyanosis
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20
Q

How does cystic fibrosis affect the stomach?

A
  • Intestinal obstruction
  • Foul stool
  • Malabsorption issues
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21
Q

What kind of diet do you need for cystic fibrosis?

A

High calorie, high protein

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22
Q

Cystic Fibrosis intervention for the mucous

A

Chest PT

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23
Q

Foreign Body Obstruction

A

Prevention and teaching: danger of certain foods, toy age requirements, Heimlich maneuver - DO NOT finger swipe

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24
Q

Pneumonia interventions (6)

A
  • Chest PT (splinting with cough)
  • Monitor pulse ox
  • Antipyretics - Tylenol, Motrin
  • Antibiotics if it’s bacterial
  • Lay on the AFFECTED side
  • Monitor for dehydration
25
Q

In ASD, which way does the blood shunt?

A

Left to right

26
Q

S/Sx of ASD

A

Dyspnea, easily fatigued, systolic murmur at pulmonic region

27
Q

In VSD, which way does the blood shunt?

A

Left to right

28
Q

S/Sx of VSD

A
  • Dyspnea
  • Easily fatigued
  • Systolic murmur at lower left sternal border
  • Can lead to CHF
29
Q

For ASD and VSD, what would you find on the echocardiogram?

A

Right Ventricular hypertrophy

30
Q

Coarction of the Aorta patho

A
  • Narrowing along the descending aorta past the subclavian artery
  • Decreased blood flow to the periphery, especially the lower body
  • Increased pressure in the left ventricle
  • Left sided heart failure
31
Q

Coarction of the Aorta S/sx

A
  • Cold feet
  • Cramping of the lower extremities
  • BP differences (upper > lower)
  • Pulse differences (upper - full, lower - diminished/absent)
  • Exercise intolerance
  • Dyspnea
32
Q

What are children with cardiac disorders at higher risk for?

A

Bacterial Endocarditis

33
Q

What do children with cardiac disorders need before dental procedures or dental cleaning?

A

Antibiotic prophylaxis

34
Q

Tetraology of Fallot definition

A

4 defects create RIGHT to LEFT shunting

35
Q

4 defects of TEF

A
  • Right ventricular hypertrophy
  • VSD
  • Overriding aorta
  • Pulmonic stenosis
36
Q

What is TET Spells?

A

acute episodes of cyanosis that occur when infant’s O2 requirements exceed blood supply - crying, feeding, defecating

37
Q

How do you keep the PDA open?

A

Prostaglandins

38
Q

How can you relieve TET spell ?

A

Infants: knees to chest
Older: squatting

39
Q

Can children with TEF have tantrums often?

A

No, want to avoid TET spells

40
Q

Transposition of the Great Vessels (TGA) description

A

Aorta emerges from right ventricle and pulmonary artery leaves the left ventricle

41
Q

TGA patho

A

Closed circulation pathways, thus need another anomaly to survive - ASD, VSD, PDA

42
Q

Hypopalstic Left Heart Syndrome description

A

Small and thick left ventricle

43
Q

Hypopalstic Left Heart Syndrome - patho

A

Almost no blood can enter left ventricle so it backs into the left atrium and through the ASD, flowing to the right side

44
Q

Hypopalstic Left Heart Syndrome anomalies (5)

A
  • ASD
  • Stenotic Mitral valve
  • Stenotic Aortic valve
  • Hypoplastic left ventricle
  • Hypoplastic ascending aorta
45
Q

Rheumatic Fever description

A

Systemic inflammatory disease that involves the heart and joints - needs 2 major or 1 major + 2 minor criteria

46
Q

Main cause of Rheumatic Fever

A

Strep throat (group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus)

47
Q

Acute phase of Rheumatic Fever

A

Inflammation of connective tissue in heart, joints, skin

48
Q

Proliferative phase of Rheumatic Fever

A

Cardiac valve stenosis/scar

49
Q

Rheumatic Fever diagnosis

A

Positive rapid strep test and culture - anti-stroptolysin O titer, antideoxyribonuclease

50
Q

Rheumatic Fever - Major criteria (5)

A
  • Multi large joint involvement
  • Carditis (new murmur, pericardial friction rub)
  • Chorea
  • Erythema marginatum (macular rash)
  • Subcutaneous nodules on flexor surfaces
51
Q

Rheumatic Fever - Minor critera (4)

A
  • Fever
  • Arthralgia
  • Elevated ESR, CRP, and decreased RBC
  • Prolonged PR and or QT intervals
52
Q

Main meds for Rheumatic Fever

A
  • Aspirin

- Prednisone

53
Q

What kind of rest should kids with Rheumatic Fever be on?

A

Bed rest

54
Q

Kawasaki’s Disease definition

A

Vasculitis (inflammatory process of the arteries) affecting many systems

55
Q

When should you be concerned for Kawasaki’s Disease?

A

If a fever has lasted longer than 5 days

56
Q

Stage 1 of Kawasaki’s

A
  • Fever longer than 5 days
  • Conjunctivitis (redness of the eyes)
  • Dried lips and mucous membranes - strawberry tongue
  • Swelling to hands and feet
  • Lymphadenopathy (abnormal nodes)
57
Q

Stage 2 of Kawasaki’s

A
  • Fever resolves
  • Irritable (not calmed by mom)
  • Anorexia
  • Desquamation (skin peeling) of hands and feet
  • Arthritis / arthralgia
  • Cardiovascular issues
58
Q

Stage 3 of Kawasaki’s

A
  • ESR decreases, illness appears to resolve
59
Q

Interventions for Kawasaki’s

A
  • IVIG
  • Aspirin
  • Passive ROM
  • Monitor for aneurysm, bleeding, myocarditis

PEDS - Nicole (8 decks)

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