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INP3 - SALLY > Week 3 - Respiratory > Flashcards

Week 3 - Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

define acute respiratory failure

A

respiratory system is unable to exchange sufficient oxygen and carbon dioxide to maintain blood oxygen and carbon dioxide levels within normal limits

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2
Q

type I resp failure - causes

A
  • pneumonia
  • PO
  • PE
  • shock
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3
Q

type II resp failure causes

A
  • severe asthma

- trauma to chest or spine

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4
Q

systemic chest xray interpretation

A

ABCDEIP

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5
Q

rib #

A

good

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6
Q

flail chest

A

good

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7
Q

pneumothorax

A

air between the visceral and the parietal pleura

  • distribution to negative pressure (due to air or fluid) > separation of the pleura > collapse of the lung
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8
Q

pneumothorax signs and symptoms (7)

A
  • SOB
  • decreased breath sounds on affected side
  • asymmetry of chest wall
  • hyperresonance of percussion of the affected side
  • evidence of lung collapse on xray
  • increased HR
  • chest pain on affected side
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9
Q

pneumothorax - main interventions

A
  • intubation
  • treat hypoxia
  • high flow 02
  • ICC
  • C,W,M,S
  • IV access (fluids PRN)
  • analgesia
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10
Q

Haemothorax

A

collection of blood in the interplerural space

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11
Q

Haemothorax - signs and symptoms

A

same as pneumothorax

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12
Q

Haemothorax - management

A

same as pneumothorax + if over 1.5L of blood drained in 1hr or 200mls each hr therafter then dr will need to be notified as pt will need to go back to surgery

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13
Q

open pneumothorax

A

open chest wound > air passes in and out of pleural space on inspiration and air pass in & out of wound rather than trachea
- results in ineffective respiratory function and can cause a tension pneumothorax if not treated

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14
Q

open pneumothorax - management

A
  • 3 sided non porous dressing

- ICC

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15
Q

Tension Pneumothorax define

A

is a life threatening condition which is due to the progressive deterioration of a simple pneumothorax associated with the formation of a one valve at the point of rupture in the lung

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16
Q

Tension Pneumothorax - patho

A

air enters pleural space on inspiration but cannot escape on expiration

increased intrathrocic pressure

compression of the heart, major blood vessels, trachea and lung

decreased venous return (preload, acute hypotension and death if not treated as an emergency)

17
Q

Tension Pneumothorax - main signs and symptoms

A
  • tracheal deviation
  • distended neck veins
  • severe resp distress
  • hypoxia
  • decreased or absent chest expansion on injured side
  • decreased or absent breath sounds on affected side
18
Q

Tension Pneumothorax - management

A

good

19
Q

UWSD - management

A

know 7

20
Q

Pulmonary embolism!!! define

A

a blockage of blood flow in the pulmonary arteries by a thrombus. may present as a massive occlusion (rapid death as no blood flow returning from the heart to oxygenate the lungs) or multipule small pulmonary emboli

21
Q

Pulmonary embolism - 3 main risk factor groups

A

3

22
Q

PE - patho

A

book

23
Q

Pulmonary embolism - signs and symptoms

A
  • increased RR
  • difficulty breathing
  • pleuretic chest pain
  • decreased cardiac output
  • hypotension
  • shock
24
Q

Pulmonary embolism - investigations

A
  • history
  • CXR
  • ABG
  • ECG
  • CT
25
Q

Pulmonary embolism - prevention

A

identify pts at risk

  • antiembolic stockings
  • calf exercises
  • early ambulation after surgery
  • anticoagulant therapy
26
Q

NIPPV - define

A

good

27
Q

NIPPV - indications/ uses

A

good

28
Q

NIPPV - complications

A
  • barotrauma
  • hypotension
  • aspiration risk
  • facial and nasal pressure injuries
  • Gastric distension
  • increased ICP

INP3 - SALLY (9 decks)

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