Week 3-Punishment Flashcards
Punishment
Consequences for behaviour that decrease it
Punisher
Any event/stimulus follows operant response and decreases future probability
Positive punishment
Any event/stimulus when presented as consequence-decreases future prob of behaviour
Negative punishment
Any event/stimulus when removed as consequence of behaviour-decreases future prob of that behaviour
Key points of punishers (2)
Escape or avoid given opportunity
If it doesn’t decrease behaviour-not a punisher
Contingency
Degree of correlation between behaviour and its consequence
Variables affecting punishment:
Nearness of events in time (temporal contiguity) or space (spatial contiguity)
-longer delay (less contiguity), slower learning
Level of Intensity of punishment
Higher intensity-quicker decrease
-need to use effective level fr beginning otherwise behaviour doesnt get suppressed
Respondent conditioning
Process of establishing a conditional probability between a CS and a US
Respondent
Response elicited by the CS
Stimuli preceding response
Operant
Behaviour is emitted to produce/remove a stimulus
Stimuli following response
Learned behaviour
Ontogenetic
Phylogenetic behaviour
Behaviour based on genetic endowment
Primary Laws of Reflex (3)
Law of threshold
Law of Intensity-Magnitude
Law of Latency
Respondent discrimination
When similar (but not same) CS don’t elicit CR
Respondent Generalization
When similar CS does elicit a CR
Spontaneous recovery
After extinction, CR will re-occur with presentation of CS.
Re-acquisition of extinguished CR occurs quicker than initial training.
Delayed conditioning
CS begins first and US overlap partially
Trace conditioning
CS begins and ends before US
Longer intervals produce weaker responding
Simultaneous conditioning
CS and US begin & end same time
Less effective than delayed & trace conditioning
Backwards conditioning
CS follows US
Ineffective
Is contingency important to respondent conditioning
Yes, otherwise US (shock) was just as likely to occur in absence of CS
Overshadowing is influenced by:
- Stimulus intensity
- nature of the US to species
Latent inhibition
Pre-exposure to CS before pairing w US interferes w it becoming CS
Blocking
Failure of stimulus to become CS when part of compound stimulus because already includes effective CS
Sensory preconditioning
Two neutral stimuli occur together(A&B). When B is conditioned to become CS. A presented alone will also elicit same CR as B
Intertrial-interval
Interval between one CS-US exposure (trial) and another CS-US exposure (diff trial)
Longer intervals better than short intervals.
Conditioned place preference
When given a choice between neutral chamber and drug-associated chamber, rat will choose drug chamber if positive response.
Conditioned Immunosuppression
Drug that suppresses immune system function can be used as a US to create a CS that also suppresses immune system function
Allergic Reactions
US which elicit allergic reactions can be used to create CS that produce similarly strong allergic reactions.
