Week 3-Punishment

Question 1

Punishment

Answer 1

Consequences for behaviour that decrease it

Question 2

Punisher

Answer 2

Any event/stimulus follows operant response and decreases future probability

Question 3

Positive punishment

Answer 3

Any event/stimulus when presented as consequence-decreases future prob of behaviour

Question 4

Negative punishment

Answer 4

Any event/stimulus when removed as consequence of behaviour-decreases future prob of that behaviour

Question 5

Key points of punishers (2)

Answer 5

Escape or avoid given opportunity

If it doesn’t decrease behaviour-not a punisher

Question 6

Contingency

Answer 6

Degree of correlation between behaviour and its consequence

Question 7

Variables affecting punishment:

Answer 7

Nearness of events in time (temporal contiguity) or space (spatial contiguity)

-longer delay (less contiguity), slower learning

Question 8

Level of Intensity of punishment

Answer 8

Higher intensity-quicker decrease

-need to use effective level fr beginning otherwise behaviour doesnt get suppressed

Question 9

Respondent conditioning

Answer 9

Process of establishing a conditional probability between a CS and a US

Question 10

Respondent

Answer 10

Response elicited by the CS

Stimuli preceding response

Question 11

Operant

Answer 11

Behaviour is emitted to produce/remove a stimulus

Stimuli following response

Question 12

Learned behaviour

Answer 12

Ontogenetic

Question 13

Phylogenetic behaviour

Answer 13

Behaviour based on genetic endowment

Question 14

Primary Laws of Reflex (3)

Answer 14

Law of threshold
Law of Intensity-Magnitude
Law of Latency

Question 15

Respondent discrimination

Answer 15

When similar (but not same) CS don’t elicit CR

Question 16

Respondent Generalization

Answer 16

When similar CS does elicit a CR

Question 17

Spontaneous recovery

Answer 17

After extinction, CR will re-occur with presentation of CS.

Re-acquisition of extinguished CR occurs quicker than initial training.

Question 18

Delayed conditioning

Answer 18

CS begins first and US overlap partially

Question 19

Trace conditioning

Answer 19

CS begins and ends before US

Longer intervals produce weaker responding

Question 20

Simultaneous conditioning

Answer 20

CS and US begin & end same time

Less effective than delayed & trace conditioning

Question 21

Backwards conditioning

Answer 21

CS follows US

Ineffective

Question 22

Is contingency important to respondent conditioning

Answer 22

Yes, otherwise US (shock) was just as likely to occur in absence of CS

Question 23

Overshadowing is influenced by:

Answer 23

• Stimulus intensity

- nature of the US to species

Question 24

Latent inhibition

Answer 24

Pre-exposure to CS before pairing w US interferes w it becoming CS

Question 25

Blocking

Answer 25

Failure of stimulus to become CS when part of compound stimulus because already includes effective CS

Question 26

Sensory preconditioning

Answer 26

Two neutral stimuli occur together(A&B). When B is conditioned to become CS. A presented alone will also elicit same CR as B

Question 27

Intertrial-interval

Answer 27

Interval between one CS-US exposure (trial) and another CS-US exposure (diff trial)

Longer intervals better than short intervals.

Question 28

Conditioned place preference

Answer 28

When given a choice between neutral chamber and drug-associated chamber, rat will choose drug chamber if positive response.

Question 29

Conditioned Immunosuppression

Answer 29

Drug that suppresses immune system function can be used as a US to create a CS that also suppresses immune system function

Question 30

Allergic Reactions

Answer 30

US which elicit allergic reactions can be used to create CS that produce similarly strong allergic reactions.