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PA1: Pharmacology > Week 3 Parasympathetic Nervous System ✅ > Flashcards

Week 3 Parasympathetic Nervous System ✅ Flashcards

1
Q

Which spinal nerves are part of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Sacral vertebrae - sacral plexus

Cranial nerves

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2
Q

What is the difference between pre- and post-ganglionic parasympathetic nerves?

A

Pre-ganglionic = long
Post-ganglionic nerves = short

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3
Q

Where are nicotinic receptors located?

A

Pre-ganglionic nerve endings and neuromuscular junctions of skeletal muscle

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4
Q

What branch of the nervous system controls blood vessels?

A

Sympathetic

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5
Q

What neurotransmitter do muscarinic and nicotinic receptors use?

A

Acetylcholine

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6
Q

How do muscarinic receptors work?

A

Opens K+ channels –> hypokalaemia –> slows depolarisation –> HR decrease

also open Ca channels –> increased peristalsis –> constipation relief

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7
Q

How does the vagus nerve affect heart rate?

A

Releases ACh –> binds to muscarinic receptors –> K+ leaves cells –> SAN/AVN depolarisation slows

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8
Q

What is an example of a muscarinic agonist?

A

Pilocarpine

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9
Q

In which branch of nervous system are muscarinic receptors?

A

Parasympathetic

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10
Q

What is an example of a muscarinic antagonist?

A

Atropine

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11
Q

What is the difference between muscarinic agonists and antagonists?

A

Agonists stimulate parasympathetic, antagonists inhibit parasympathetic

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12
Q

What is the effect of a muscarinic agonist?

A

Miosis
Low IOP
Stimulates saliva production

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13
Q

What is the effect of a muscarinic antagonist?

A

Mydriasis
Treats bradycardia

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14
Q

What is ipratropium?

A

Short acting muscarinic antagonist

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15
Q

What is tiotropium?

A

Long acting muscarinic agonist

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16
Q

What drugs can be used to dilate the pupil for eye examination? What kind of drugs are they?

A

Cyclopentolate (24h)
Tropicamide (8h)
Atropine (7 days)

Muscarinic antagonist

17
Q

What is hyoscine butylbromide more commonly known as? What kind of drug is this?

A

Buscopan

Muscarinic antagonist

18
Q

What is the neurotransmitter of peristalsis?

19
Q

What drugs can treat overactive bladder and what kind of drugs are they?

A

Oxybutynin
Trospium

Muscarinic antagonist

20
Q

What are the side effects of tricyclic antidepressants? E.g. Amitriptyline

A

Dry mouth
Blurred vision
Constipation
Urinary retention

21
Q

What are the side effects of major tranquilisers? E.g. Chloepromazine

A

Blurred vision
Increased IOP
Dry mouth
Dry eyes

PA1: Pharmacology (8 decks)

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