Week 3- Neuroplasticity Flashcards

1
Q

What is neuroplasticity?

A

The ability of the CNS to undergo structural and functional change in response to new experiences.

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2
Q
  • Neuroplasticity occurs at _______ levels.
  • Neuroplasticity occurs during development, in response to the environment, in support of learning, in response to disease, or __ ________ ___ _________.
A
  • many (molecular, cellular, systems, behavior)

- in relation to therapy

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3
Q

What are some examples of negative or maladaptive plasticity?

A
  • After a CNS injury or in response to pain, motor and sensory representational maps change.
  • Seizures- new onset can occur months to years after CNS injury – theorized due to axonal sprouting, formation of new connections, alteration in neural signaling, disinhibition.
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4
Q

Neuroplasticity:

  • Occurs in the _____, in the ______, in the _______, and/or in at the ________.
  • Can be __________ and/or __________.
  • Does it occur throughout the lifespan?
A
  • some, axon, dendrite, synapse
  • morphological and/or physiological
  • Yes
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5
Q

Neuroplasticity - Morphological:

  • What is neurogenesis?
  • What is angiogenesis?
A

Neurogenesis: New cell development from neural stem cells.
Angiogenesis: Blood vessel proliferation ( stimulated by endothelial cells releasing growth factors.

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6
Q

Neuroplasticity - Physiological:

  • _________ Efficacy
  • Membrane __________
  • _____ Flow
A
  • Synaptic Efficacy
  • Membrane Excitability
  • Blood Flow
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7
Q

Neurovascular Coupling: Spatial and temporal association between _____ _____ to and activation of ________ (functional MRI).

A
  • blood flow

- neurons

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8
Q

Plasticity is dependent on return of ________ to an area (better perfusion associated with greater synaptogenesis and dendritic spine density).

A

perfusion

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9
Q

Neuroplasticity at the Systems Level definition?

A

Reorganization of a given region or a change in the area(s) associated with a given function.

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10
Q

What are interventions to enhance NP?

A
  • Noninvasive Brain Stimulation
  • Deep Brain Stimulation
  • Neuropharmacology
  • Physical Training
  • Aerobic Exercise
  • Cognitive Training
  • rtfMRI Neurofeedback
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11
Q

What are the (3) most common interventions to enhance NP?

A
  • Neuropharmacology
  • Physical Training
  • Aerobic Exercise
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12
Q

What are the variables that influence neuroplasticity?

A
Experience
Sleep
Mood
Hormones
Cardiorespiratory function
Diet
Pharmaceuticals
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13
Q

What are the 10 principles of neuroplasticity?

A
  • Use it or lose it
  • Use it and improve it
  • Specificity
  • Repetition matters
  • Intensity matters
  • Salience matters
  • Time matters
  • Age matters
  • Transference
  • Interference
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14
Q

Physical Activity:

  • What is BDNF?
  • What is it involved in (3)?
  • BDNF is a key mediator of ______ ________ and _________.
A
  • brain derived neurotrophic factor
  • Neutroprotection, Neurogenesis, Neuroplasticity
  • motor learning and recovery
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15
Q

BDNF facilitates _____-______ potentiation ( a long lasting increase in the strength of connection between 2 neurons that are repeatedly activated together) and by promoting dendritic growth and remodeling.

A

long-term

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16
Q
  • Evidence suggests that exercise is valuable for improving brain function and that these effects are mediated, in part, by upregulation of BDNF, NT-3, Increased neurotransmitters such as ________ and _________.
  • Exercise also affects the brain indirectly through improvements in __________ and __________ fitness, decrease systemic and CNS inflammation, increased cerebral blood flow.
A
  • dopamine and serotonin

- cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness