Week 3- Neuroplasticity

Question 1

What is neuroplasticity?

Answer 1

The ability of the CNS to undergo structural and functional change in response to new experiences.

Question 2

• Neuroplasticity occurs at _______ levels.
• Neuroplasticity occurs during development, in response to the environment, in support of learning, in response to disease, or __ ________ ___ _________.

Answer 2

• many (molecular, cellular, systems, behavior)

- in relation to therapy

Question 3

What are some examples of negative or maladaptive plasticity?

Answer 3

• After a CNS injury or in response to pain, motor and sensory representational maps change.
• Seizures- new onset can occur months to years after CNS injury – theorized due to axonal sprouting, formation of new connections, alteration in neural signaling, disinhibition.

Question 4

Neuroplasticity:

• Occurs in the _____, in the ______, in the _______, and/or in at the ________.
• Can be __________ and/or __________.
• Does it occur throughout the lifespan?

Answer 4

• some, axon, dendrite, synapse
• morphological and/or physiological
• Yes

Question 5

Neuroplasticity - Morphological:

• What is neurogenesis?
• What is angiogenesis?

Answer 5

Neurogenesis: New cell development from neural stem cells.
Angiogenesis: Blood vessel proliferation ( stimulated by endothelial cells releasing growth factors.

Question 6

Neuroplasticity - Physiological:

• _________ Efficacy
• Membrane __________
• _____ Flow

Answer 6

• Synaptic Efficacy
• Membrane Excitability
• Blood Flow

Question 7

Neurovascular Coupling: Spatial and temporal association between _____ _____ to and activation of ________ (functional MRI).

Answer 7

• blood flow

- neurons

Question 8

Plasticity is dependent on return of ________ to an area (better perfusion associated with greater synaptogenesis and dendritic spine density).

Answer 8

perfusion

Question 9

Neuroplasticity at the Systems Level definition?

Answer 9

Reorganization of a given region or a change in the area(s) associated with a given function.

Question 10

What are interventions to enhance NP?

Answer 10

• Noninvasive Brain Stimulation
• Deep Brain Stimulation
• Neuropharmacology
• Physical Training
• Aerobic Exercise
• Cognitive Training
• rtfMRI Neurofeedback

Question 11

What are the (3) most common interventions to enhance NP?

Answer 11

• Neuropharmacology
• Physical Training
• Aerobic Exercise

Question 12

What are the variables that influence neuroplasticity?

Answer 12

Experience
Sleep
Mood
Hormones
Cardiorespiratory function
Diet
Pharmaceuticals

Question 13

What are the 10 principles of neuroplasticity?

Answer 13

• Use it or lose it
• Use it and improve it
• Specificity
• Repetition matters
• Intensity matters
• Salience matters
• Time matters
• Age matters
• Transference
• Interference

Question 14

Physical Activity:

• What is BDNF?
• What is it involved in (3)?
• BDNF is a key mediator of ______ ________ and _________.

Answer 14

• brain derived neurotrophic factor
• Neutroprotection, Neurogenesis, Neuroplasticity
• motor learning and recovery

Question 15

BDNF facilitates _____-______ potentiation ( a long lasting increase in the strength of connection between 2 neurons that are repeatedly activated together) and by promoting dendritic growth and remodeling.

Answer 15

long-term

Question 16

• Evidence suggests that exercise is valuable for improving brain function and that these effects are mediated, in part, by upregulation of BDNF, NT-3, Increased neurotransmitters such as ________ and _________.
• Exercise also affects the brain indirectly through improvements in __________ and __________ fitness, decrease systemic and CNS inflammation, increased cerebral blood flow.

Answer 16

• dopamine and serotonin

- cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness